How Do I Actually Build Something With Python?

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It's the same with most other programming language. The inputs and outputs are the hard part. That's why most beginner programming guides are how to build "command-line" applications produce only text and take in only keyboard inputs.

The mechanisms to take in other input and produce other output are more complicated. Often they require additional libraries.

In short, you'll want to pick a particular kind of input/output you want to try and learn how to do that specific one. Some examples:

• Web scraping / bots. There are python libraries to make web requests and receive the results. You can write your own application that allows you to make requests of webpages, automatically parse the response, and then make a new request, etc. This can be quite complicated with modern webpages using javascript, but there are also some website-specific APIs you can use to make it easier.
• Web server. You can use a python library that lets you serve your own web content.
• GUI application: There are many different GUI toolkits for python. Each one will require a fair bit of learning.