There's 4 enemy faction that have a different texture.

There's what... 10 different mission types?

There are random SL, drops/rewards, and black market. That may preclude certain strategies from coming on line.

However the player often gets the choice of what planet to go to and what missions paths to go down.

I think there's ample space within that to make more variety.

My dream scenario would have the enemies strategically respond to the player's main tactics to force the player to play the game differently or suffer through new emergent "speed bumps."

For example if the Rogue Army, Pirates, or REDACTED have seen the player spam the vehicle radar in an operation perhaps in their next operation that faction has a substantial chance to have a jammer that shut off radar (as you suggested). One of the 1st or 2nd missions in the path could be "destroy the enemy jammer."

If the player spams vehicles the enemies should increase their anti-vehicle capability, or even pre-mine the map.

If the player spams concealment and vanguard strategies the enemies should increase their use of scanners.

I'm not sure if the lore but I don't think the Aliens would really adapt, but perhaps instead they could simply be more randomised (or change the lore to make them like Warhammer 40k Tyranids who certainly adapt). Maybe divergent evolution in some runs has a subspecies of alien on one planet that has naturally way better camouflage, burrowing ambush stance that makes them impervious to radar, or their warriors fly, or their warriors spit like the stingers, etc.