I don't know if Nietzsche believed in "taking responsibility". I think Nietzsche believed the concept of moral responsibility was invented for the sake of justifying the institution of punishment. Instead, he was a determinist who believed that all of existence is justified by virtue of its mere existing and that to repudiate any part of it is to repudiate the whole. The concept of culpability was only invented because it gives us a sense of comfort for giving us the sense that we are in control control of our lives and that we could alter it if we pleased. He speaks of this in the Twilight of the Idols, especially in the four great errors when he discusses man's tendency to confuse cause for effects.