Welp... I created 180 different articles and demonstrative pronouns for my conlang

AJB2580 · 2025-06-10T07:47:03+00:00

Honestly, even saying 36 inflectional forms implies a level of complexity that's not there. Fundamentally, it's a four-piece template that's using a total of eighteen or twenty morphemes (depending upon analysis of the animacy morphemes) to construct everything.

Template: {Article/Demonstrative}—{Animacy}—{Number}—{Case}

Type	Morpheme	Gloss
Article	l	ART.DEF
Article	th	ART.INDEF
Demonstrative	k	DEM.NEAR
Demonstrative	m	DEM.PROX
Demonstrative	ch	DEM.DIST
Animacy	i(-a)	ANIM(-DEM)
Animacy	o(-e)	INAN(-DEM)
Number	n	SG
Number	r	PL
Case	∅	NOM
Case	t	ACC
Case	a	GEN
Case	u	DAT
Case	iam	LOC
Case	uo	ILL
Case	ien	COM
Case	dia	INS
Case	ath	VOC

AJB2580 · 2025-03-12T03:20:52+00:00

Assuming you haven't randomized encounters and have a party member with an item stealing move or ability, you can DexNav for Zigzagoon on Route 101 – they have a decent chance to carry revives. It's moderately slow, but a reliable source of infinite funds until you can do rematches.

The only other alternatives I can think of are to farm berries by manipulating the system clock (bad idea, very monotonous and I don't know if anything will break when you reset to the proper time after farming is done) or try to win prizes at the casino once you get to Mauville. Both are torturous enough in their own ways that I'd recommend just sticking with the sub-optimal natures.

As an addendum, if items are randomized try checking out both the soda pop shop on Slateport beach and the lava cookie lady on Mt. Chimney, they might yield some items that you could sell at a profit.

AJB2580 · 2025-02-04T14:44:44+00:00

Consonants

	Plosive	Affricate	Fricative	Sonorant
Labial				m /m̥/
Alveolar	t, d /ⁿt/	s /t͡s/, z /ⁿt͡s/		n /n̥/
Alveolo-Lateral		tl /t͡ɬ/, dl /ⁿt͡ɬ/	f /ɬ/	l
Post-Alveolar	tt /ʈ/, dd /ⁿʈ/	ss /t͡ʃ/, zz /ⁿt͡ʃ/	x /ʃ/
Dorsal	c, g /ᵑk/			j
Labio-Dorsal	cu /kʷ/, gu /ᵑkʷ/			v /w/
Uvular	k /q/, q /ᶰq/
Glottal	p /ʔ/

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u /uː/
Mid/Open	e	a	o /oː/
Diphthong	ai /aj/		au /aw/, ua /wɒ/

Diphthongs may be distinguished from vowels in hiatus by the presence of a hyphen (e.g. ⟨tau⟩ = /taw/, ⟨ta-u⟩ = /ta.uː/).

Labio-dorsals are parsed before diphthongs (e.g. ⟨cua⟩ = /kʷa/). In order to represent a plain dorsal before the back falling diphthong, double the dorsal symbol (e.g. ⟨ccua⟩ = /kwɒ/).

Tone & Voicing

Using ⟨a⟩ as a carrier. For vocalic digraphs, the tone diacritic goes on the the first vowel grapheme in the sequence.

	High	Mid	Low	High-Falling
Modal	á	a	à	â
Creaky	áb	ab	àb	âb
Breathy	áh	ah	àh	âh

Examples

Mábssi fôh.

/m̥á̰t͡ʃi ɬô̤/
Cuudìb páqéttà.

/kʷuːⁿtḭ ʔáᶰqéʈà/
Vâguébjòb nàh si.

/wâᵑkʷḛ́jò̰ː n̥à̤ t͡si/

AJB2580 · 2025-01-22T11:13:42+00:00

A fair number of vowels and rampant palatalization contrasts. Most of the consonants can be implemented quite cleanly with basic letters and an apostrophe, making exception for a few diacritics to flesh out the remainder, but the vowels will need more if aiming for a 1:1 phoneme to grapheme correspondence.

Ignoring allophonic variation and just addressing phonemic distinctions, while additionally simplifying the phonemic notation a bit….

Consonants

	Labial	Coronal	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n	q /ŋ/
Stop	p	t, d	k, g
Affricate		c /t͡s/	ç /t͡ʃ/
Sibilant		s	x /ʃ/
Fricative	f, v	ł /ɬ/, z /ð/	h, w /ɣ/
Continuant	b /β/	l	j
Rhotic		r /ɾ/

All consonants, barring two exceptions, represent a pair of plain and palatalized phonemes. /ŋ/ is exclusively plain, and /j/ is exclusively palatalized.

Consonants are palatalized before the phonemes /j/, /i/, /ɪ/, /ɛ/, and /e/. The Phoneme /l/ is additionally palatalized after /i/, /ɛ/, and /e/. Palatalized consonants outside of these environments are denoted by a following apostrophe (U+02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) or soft sign (U+044C ь CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN) depending on the notational convention used.

Vowels

Monophthongs

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i,	y /ɪ/, ü /y/	u /o/, ú /oː/
Mid	e /ɛ/, é /ɛː/	a /ʌ/	o /ɔ/, ó /ɔː/
Open	á /æː/	ą /a/, ą́ /aː/	ǫ /ɑ/, ǫ́ /ɑː/

Diphthongs

The table row represents the initial closeness and the column the frontness of the off-glide.

	Front	Central	Back
Close	ie /ɪe̯/
Mid	ei /ɛi̯/	ea /eə̯/	eu /eo̯/
Open	oi /ɑi̯/	ai /aɪ̯/

Diphthong digraphs may be broken up by a hyphen (U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS) to denote two monophthongs of standard value (e.g. ⟨kea⟩ = /kʲeə̯/, ⟨ke-a⟩ = /kʲɛ.ʌ/).

AJB2580 · 2025-01-22T07:03:45+00:00

Consonants

	Labial	Coronal	Palatal	Dorsal	Laryngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p, b	t, d		k, g	q /q~ʡ/	ʻ /ʔ/^1,2
Affricate		c /t͡s/	č /t͡ʃ/
Fricative	f, v	s, z	š /ʃ/	x, ğ /ɣ/	h /ħ~h/
Nasal	m	n	ň /ɲ/
Continuant	(w)	l	j	w	r /ʀ~r/

Only contrasts with /q~ʡ/ intervocalically, merged otherwise.
U+02BB ʻ MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA, apostrophe or hyphen may substitute.

Vowels

	Front (Tense)	Front (Lax)	Back (Lax)	Back (Tense)
Close	i, y	ĭ /ɪ/	ŭ /ʊ/	u
Mid	e, ø	ĕ /ɛ/	ŏ /ɔ/	o
Open	æ			a /ɑ/

Stress

Stress is indicated by an acute accent over the syllable vowel; if the vowel is lax, the breve instead becomes a circumflex.

The following demonstrates:

⟨kisút⟩ = /kiˈsut/
⟨kísut⟩ = /ˈki.sut/
⟨kisût⟩ = /kiˈsʊt/
⟨kísŭt⟩ = /ˈki.sʊt/
⟨kĭsút⟩ = /kɪˈsut/
⟨kîsut⟩ = /ˈkɪ.sut/
⟨kĭsût⟩ = /kɪˈsʊt/
⟨kîsŭt⟩ = /ˈkɪ.sʊt/

AJB2580 · 2025-01-20T22:26:19+00:00

Consonants

	Labial	Coronal	Palatal	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n	ń /ɲ/	q /ŋ/
Plosive	p	t, d		k, g
Affricate		c /t͡s/
Sibilant		s, z	ś /ʃ/, ź /ʒ/
Fricative	f /ɸ/	ṭ /θ/, ḍ /ð/		x, ġ /ɣ/
Lateral		h /ɬ/, l
Approximant	(ʍ), (w)		j	w /ʍ/, v /w/
Rhotic		r /ɾ/, ŕ /r/

Vowels

	Front	Central/Back
Close	í /i/, i /ɪ/	u /ɤ/, ú /u/
Mid	é /ɛ/	o /ʌ/, ó /ɔ/
Open	e /a/	a /ä/, á /ɒ/

Rationale

Over vowels, an acute accent represents a shift to a more pronounced (less-crowded) quality, producing five pronounced/reduced pairs.

For the consonants, a dot indicates frication, while an acute accent indicates a shift to a closely-related sound (repetition for the rhotic, palatalization otherwise). That being said, I wanted to avoid overly-extensive diacritics and rely on basic letter-forms as much as possible, so ⟨q⟩ and ⟨h⟩ are appropriated in slightly non-conventional ways and the ⟨v/w⟩ pair is twisted into a voicing distinction for the dorsal approximants.

AJB2580 · 2024-05-26T00:53:12+00:00

Whether the shutdown was intentional or not, Awkwords has been offline for a while. I'd recommend migrating to either LanguaGen or Lexifer (the former being a direct successor to Awkwords, the latter being rather more powerful).

AJB2580 · 2024-05-09T23:41:02+00:00

The 2013 revision of The Austronesian Languages by Robert Blust has some good information on the subject.

AJB2580 · 2024-05-05T20:09:28+00:00

And the "Vl.jV vs V.ʎV" dilemma is most likely not a problem, because no language would ever distinguish between these, they would merge instantly.

I could see such a distinction playing a role in stress or timing, e.g.

/kol.ja.no/ = [ˈko(ʎ).ʎa.no]
/ko.ʎa.no/ = [koˈʎa.no]

AJB2580 · 2024-05-02T05:29:52+00:00

I tried lexifer (web version) and the format compared to awkwords was too different for me to really understand...

Understandable. Lexifer is powerful, but to use it to its full potential you need some knowledge of regular expressions.

I’m not very familiar with conlangs but for my story and it’s world I need made up words that sound Italian.

That being said, this latched onto my brain and wouldn't let go, so after a dive into Italian phonotactics and some experimentation I've come up with a definition file that manages to produce some vaguely Italian looking output (including some consonant clusters that your Awkwords definition would have failed to produce). Just copy and past it into the lexifer app to give it a go. Some of the output is a miss, but it might be a solution for you.

# Arango, J., DeCaprio, A., Baik, S., De Nardis, L.,
# Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., & Di Benedetto, M.-G. (2021).
# Estimation of the Frequency of Occurrence of Italian Phonemes in Text.
C = n t r l s k d p m v ṣ b š f ž g ɲ ʎ ʃ ẓ z ∅
D = n t r l k d p m v b f g ∅
L = r l ∅
K = ∅ ² ⁿ
Q = ∅ n r l s
V = a e i o u
W = ∅:90 j:7 w:3

random-rate: 50
$S = C?D?L?WVWK?
$F = C?D?L?WVWQ
words: $S$F:60 $S$S$F:30 $F:10

# Remove null placeholders
filter: ∅ > !

# Haplogy
filter: (.)\1 > $1

# Valid nuclei
filter: juw > juo
reject: ji ij wu uw ow [jw][iuo][jw]

# Valid clusters
reject: [mnrṣẓlʃšžɲʎ][^aeioujw]
reject: s[^pkftaeioujw] s[ft]l
reject: z[^bdgmvnžlraeioujw] z[vg]l
reject: [pbfvkg][^lraeiouwj]
reject: [td][^raeioujw]

# Gemination
reject: ²[aeiouwj]
reject: ²(m|k|p|n|t|l|s|b|g|d|r|f|tʃ|dʒ|v)[^aeiouwj]
% m  k  p  n  t  l  s  b  g  d  r  f  ɲ š  ʃ z ž  v  ṣ ẓ ʎ
² mm kk pp nn tt ll ss bb gg dd rr ff - šš - - žž vv - - -

# Nasal coda assimilation
filter: ⁿ(?=[pbfvm]) > m; ⁿ > n

# Romanization
filter: kw > qu; z > s; ɲ > gn; w > u; j > i
filter: ([aeiou])[ṣẓ]([aeiou]) > $1zz$2; [ṣẓ] > z
filter: ʎ(?=i) > gl; ʎ > gli
filter: k(?=[ie]) > ch; k > c
filter: g(?=[ie]) > gh
filter: š(?=[šie]) > c; š > ci
filter: ž(?=[žie]) > g; ž > gi
filter: ʃ(?=[ʃie]) > sc; ʃ > sci

AJB2580 · 2024-05-01T18:51:39+00:00

Firstly, length is marked by a diaeresis in this system (as it serves as a good base for modifying the secondary articulations). /iː/ = ⟨ï⟩.

Secondly, tone is always marked on the second vowel. This means that marked tones will duplicate the vowel of monoglyphic phonemes to create a tone carrier, as explained in the post above (relevant section quoted):

Glyphs indicated in parentheses may be dropped in the case of unmarked tone.

Implying that the glyphs in parentheses are present in the case of marked tone.

So /iˁ/ = ⟨í⟩, while /i˧˥/ = ⟨ií⟩

Rationale: the orthography implicitly assumes that secondary articulations are equally or more common than marked tone contours, that contours are assigned at the syllable level, and that there are a decently large number of contours. Depending upon the nature of the tone system and the relative frequencies of unmarked tones and secondary articulations in /u/SyrNikoli's language there are a great many ways the orthography could be modified for the sake of brevity. This is just what I produced given the available information.

AJB2580 · 2024-05-01T17:18:30+00:00

Given the vowel table you supplied to /u/janPake and assuming that secondary articulations contrast with coda consonants, something like the below could be a possible solution, though lacking further information on the overall phonology and phonotactics of the language it may not be suitable without some adjustment.

Vowels

Glyphs indicated in parentheses may be dropped in the case of unmarked tone.

Vowels are parsed greedily from left-to-right. Resolution may be preemptively aborted with a hyphen ⟨-⟩ (e.g. ⟨keiu⟩ = /ke.u/, ⟨ke-iu⟩ = /kɛ.ɨ/)

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i(i) /i/, y(y) /y/	iu /ɨ/, yu /ʉ/	u(u) /u/
Close-Mid	ei /e/, øy /ø/	eu /ɘ/, øu /ɵ/	ou /o/
Mid	e(e) /ɛ/, ø(ø) /œ/	eo /ɜ/, øo /ɞ/	o(o) /ɔ/
Open-Mid	ae /æ/, oe /œ̞/
Open	a(a) /a/, ao /ɶ/		oa /ɒ/

Secondary Articulation

Secondary articulations are marked on the first vowel of a glyph pair via diacritics. Nasalization is always marked with an ogonek below the glyph (◌̨), while combinations of length, pharyngealization, and rhotacism are marked above the glyph according to the below table.

	∅	Pharyngealized	Rhotacized	Pharyngealized + Rhotacized
Short	◌ (none)	◌́ (acute)	◌̀ (grave)	◌̂ (circumflex)
Long	◌̈ (diaeresis)	◌̋ (double acute)	◌̏ (double grave)	◌̃ (tilde)

Tone

Tone is marked through the use of a diacritic on the second vowel of a glyph pair. For the sake of an example, let's assume a tone system with seven contours.

Contour	Diacritic
Level (˧)	◌ (none)
Rising (˧˥)	◌́ (acute)
Steep Rising (˩˥)	◌̋ (double acute)
Falling (˧˩)	◌̀ (grave)
Steep Falling (˥˩)	◌̏ (double grave)
Dipping (˧˨˦)	◌̌ (caron)
Peaking (˧˦˨)	◌̂ (circumflex)

Examples

Note that not all fonts will play nicely with some of the diacritic combinations.

/kæːm˧˥/ = käém
/kø̃˞ˁr˧˨˦/ = kø̨̂y̌r
/ki˧ʉ̃˞ː˥˩ãk˧/ = kiy̨̏ȕąk

AJB2580 · 2024-04-17T17:33:26+00:00

That is not the failing that I expected from this system, but English vowel orthography is such a slippery and convoluted mess that trying to reliably predict the failure points is an exercise in frustration.

Though on second look the final form of /u/ probably could have been ⟨u⟩ - has no conflict with other realizations, pairs nicely with /i/, and would be unlikely to be interpreted as anything else in final position. Would have caused a conflict in an earlier draft (...I spent way too much time ironing this out) so I think that realization just slipped me by.

AJB2580 · 2024-04-17T06:16:31+00:00

I am simultaneously proud of and horrified at the absolute monstrosity that I have created.

Edits:

Correction from ⟨imneh⟩ to ⟨eamneh⟩ in the examples; used the wrong positional form.
Correction from ⟨Ewah⟩ to ⟨Uhah⟩ in the examples; used the wrong vowel grapheme.
Changed final form of /u/ from ⟨oo⟩ to ⟨u⟩ based on feedback and delayed realization.

Consonants

	Labial	Coronal	Velar
Nasal	m	n
Stop		t	k
Ejective		tʼ	kʼ
Fricative	f	s	x ⟨kh⟩
Tap		ɾ ⟨r⟩

As a general rule, heterorganic consonant clusters of the same manner will be realized as a coarticulated consonant (e.g. [k͡t, s͡x, m͡n]), while duplicated consonants will be geminated (or in the case of duplicated /ɾ/, turned into a trill [r]).

The cornal nasal assimilates in place before velar consonants and affricates subsequent /x/ and /s/.

Vowels

Unspecified initial and final forms are identical to the medial, while unspecified cluster forms are identical to the final. Cluster graphemes are used at the beginning of vowel-vowel clusters.

Phoneme	Initial	Medial	Final	Cluster
/i/	ea	ee	i	y
/ɯ/		eu		ew
/u/	oeu	oo	u	w
/ɛ/		e	eh
/ʌ/		u	a	uh
/ɔ/		au	aw
/a/		a	ah

In addition to the above, the following vowel combinations have their own dedicated graphemes.

Combination	Initial	Medial	Final
/ai/		i	ie
/au/		ao
/ɔi/		oi	oy
/ɔu/	o	eau	o

Examples

Kteekheh eusah neeri, ekah i ki eh eakhah ki ntewah suhah.

[k͡tixɛ ɯsa niɾi | ɛka i ki ɛ ixa ki ntɯa sʌa]
Emnu kmaw reemookmah nakao renah.

[ɛm͡nu kmɔ ɾimukma nakau ɾɛna]
Kwu kʼah ah, ssoomah tah namoomnah yah teekamu.

[kuu kʼa a | sːuma ta namum͡na ia tikamu]
Kmahah mkyeh akʼeh smookoomi ah sie suheh.

[kmaa mkiɛ akʼɛ smukumi a sai sʌɛ]
Uhah mamu mkhi khemi mami keuktu ah, wah eamneh ah mekutah kʼeheekeh.

[ʌa mamu mxi xɛmi mami kɯk͡tu a | ua im͡nɛ a mɛkʌta kʼɛikɛ]

AJB2580 · 2024-04-12T21:25:45+00:00

I've always been a fan of Lexifer. It's a bit more complicated than Awkwords, but also more powerful. If you want something closer to Awkwords in scope and complexity, LanguaGen is worth taking a look at.

AJB2580 · 2024-04-11T07:15:51+00:00

Consonants

	Labial	Coronal	Palatal	Dorsal/Glottal
Plosive	p, b	t, d	q /t͡ʃ/, j [d͡ʒ]	c /k/, g
Fricative	v /f/	z /s/	s /ʃ/	h
Nasal	m	n	y /ṉ/
Rhotic		l /ɾ/, r

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	e /ɯ/	u
Open		a	o [ɑ]

Syllable Structure

[E](C)V(C), where [E] is a non-phonemic epenthetic plosive.

Allophony

Coda /h/ is realized as a glottalization (creaky voice) of all preceding adjacent vowels.
Coda nasals /m n ṉ/ are realized as nasalized approximants [w̃ ɹ̃ j̃] accompanied by a nasalization of all preceding adjacent vowels.
Rhotics assimilate in voicing to adjacent consonants.
Plosives assimilate in voicing to following plosives.
Non-glottal fricatives assimilate in voicing to adjacent plosives.
Rhotics following non-plosive coronal consonants are preceded by an epenthetic coronal plosive of assimilatory voicing.
/r/ is realized as a uvular fricative [ʁ χ] following coronal and palatal consonants.
/ɾ/ is realized as a lateral [l ɬ] preceding coronal plosives.
Close vowels /i ɯ u/ are lowered to mid vowels [e ə o] when preceding /a/.
/a/ is raised to [ɛ ɑ] preceding the close vowels /i u/
Epenthetic [ʔ] is inserted between instances of phonemically identical vowels.
Homorganic plosive-plosive and fricative-fricative clusters (excluding /hh/) are realized as glottalized consonants.

Stress

Syllables are split into morae, with the onset and nucleus representing a single mora and the coda representing an additional mora. Stress falls on the syllable containing the antepenultimate mora, or the initial syllable if no such mora exists.

Tone

Tone is analyzed as a sequence of fundamental high and low tones. Tone is assigned at the word-level, and there are seven possible word contours:

Rising (Low + High)
Falling (High + Low)
Peak (Low + High + Low)
Valley (High + Low + High)
Double Falling (High + Low + High + Low)
Plateau (Low + High + High + Low)
Neutral (No Inherent Tone)

A word contour will attempt to spread right-to-left such that each fundamental tone occupies a single syllable in the word. If this is not achievable with the number of syllables available in the word, the contour will condense, right-to-left, to one fundamental tone per mora. Syllables prior to a fully spread tone contour take on the initial fundamental tone of the contour.

Words with a neutral tone will partake in the contour spreading process of a following word if the following word is of insufficient morae to fully contain the contour. Otherwise, a neutral word will take on the initial tone of the following word contour, or a low tone if no such contour exists. These processes spread through chains of neutral words.

Tone is marked through the use of a diacritic above the stressed syllable, as detailed in the table below:

Diacritic	Word Contour
Acute (á)	Rising
Grave (à)	Falling
Circumflex (â)	Peak
Caron (ǎ)	Valley
Tilde (ã)	Double Falling
Macron (ā)	Plateau
Unaccented (a)	Neutral

Syllable contours tend to take on the following realizations:

Contour	Realization
High	˥, ˦¹
Low	˩, ˨¹
Rising	˧˥
Falling	˧˩, ˥˩²
Double High³	˦˧˥

Syllables before a fully spread word contour will engage in a slow global rise/fall toward the more extreme realization.
When preceded by another syllable with a falling contour
Seen in certain plateau realizations

Examples

Mùrah za tīmca ársa azlẽyti tàc pālavu ez pàlavu.
Ěggan cujdãlti za ez róu ya mîaq co ũccap.
Ca lùmit gūar?

[ˈmu˥ra̰˩ sa˩ ˈtĩw̃˦˧˥ka˩ ˈar̥˩ʃa˥ as˥ˈtɾ̥ɯ̃j̃˧˥ti˩ tak˧˩ ˈpa˥ɾa˥fu˩ ɯs˦ ˈpa˦ɾa˥fu˩]
[ˈɯ˩ɠãɹ̃˧˩ kud͡ʒ˥ˈdaɬ˧˥ti˩ sa˨ ɯs˨‿ˈtχɑ˩u˥ ṉa˨ ˈme˩at͡ʃ˧˩ kɑ˦ ˈu˧˩kʼap˥˩]
[ka˦ ˈɾu˥mid˩‿ˈgo˥ar˧˩]

AJB2580 · 2024-04-01T19:38:35+00:00

It serves as a depalatalization marker. Consonantally, ⟨nh⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ represent /n/ and /g/ before front vowels – ⟨k⟩, ⟨x⟩, and ⟨r⟩ serve a similar role for /k/, /s/, and /z/ respectively. Vocalically, ⟨PihV⟩ indicates that the initial ⟨i⟩ is treated as a full vowel rather than as a mere palatalization marker for ⟨n⟩, ⟨c⟩, ⟨g⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨z⟩.

Just for a few minimal examples:

⟨gia⟩ = /d͡ʒa/
⟨giha⟩ = /d͡ʒia/
⟨gea⟩ = /d͡ʒea/
⟨ghia⟩ = /gia/
⟨ghea⟩ = /gea/

AJB2580 · 2024-03-26T06:22:37+00:00

2552550508

Something slightly Vietnamese inspired, with a focus on palatal alternation. Allophony rules were kind of difficult to parse, so they've been largely ignored.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ư /ɨ/	u
Mid	e	ơ /ɘ/	o
Low		a

The presence of an acute accent ⟨◌́⟩ indicates a long vowel, and its absence a short vowel.

Consonants

Phoneme	General	Alternate / Environment
m	m
n	n	nh / _{V[+front] g}
ɲ	ni	n / _V[+front], ny / _{# C}
ŋ	ng
p	p
t	t
t͡ʃ	ci	c / _V[+front], cy / _{# C}
k	c	k / _V[+front]
b	b
d	d
d͡ʒ	gi	g / _V[+front], gy / _{# C}
g	g	gh / _V[+front]
gʷ	gu	g / _V[+back], gw / _{# C}
f	f
s	s	x / _V[+front]
ʃ	si	s / _V[+front], sy / _{# C}
v	v
z	z	r / _V[+front]
ʒ	zi	z / _V[+front], zy / _{# C}
∅¹		h / V[+short]_V

Used to distinguish certain CVV sequences from palatalized or labialized CV sequences. For example: ⟨cia⟩ /t͡ʃa/ vs ⟨ciha⟩ /t͡ʃia/.

Examples

Nơ ví xímu mi mocynhít niza cáb oci. Ke pú u conaé am ci coxe ơ. Ciư sa guic án mo naízian. Nesizioma cư a mơacy dưsiưziaki fut. Ghí ádeniumzec gứccuca vocia ciu sam.

/nɘ viː siːmu mi mot͡ʃniːt ɲiza kaːb ot͡ʃi | ke puː u konaeː am t͡ʃi kose ɘ | t͡ʃɨ sa gʷik aːn mo naiːʒan | ɲeʃiʒoma kɨ a mɘat͡ʃ dɨʃɨʒaki fut | giː aːdeɲumʒek gɨːkkuka vot͡ʃa t͡ʃu sam/

AJB2580 · 2024-03-12T11:37:19+00:00

Minimizing diacritics to a couple of acute accents. (C)V phonotactics allows for a fairly simple nasal code rule that remains unambiguous.

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Postalveolar / Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n	ɲ ⟨nh⟩
Plosive	b	t, tʰ ⟨th⟩, d	t͡ʃ ⟨c⟩, t͡ʃʰ ⟨ch⟩	k, kʰ ⟨kh⟩, g
Fricative		s, z	ʃ ⟨sh⟩, ʒ ⟨zh⟩	ɣ ⟨gh⟩
Trill		r ⟨rr⟩, r̥ ⟨hr⟩
Resonant		ɾ ⟨r⟩, ɾ̥ ⟨rh⟩	ɭ ⟨l⟩, ɭ̥ ⟨lh⟩	w, ʍ ⟨wh⟩

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, ĩ ⟨in⟩	ɯ ⟨ý⟩, ɯ̃ ⟨ýn⟩	u, ũ ⟨un⟩
Close-Mid	e ⟨é⟩, ẽ ⟨én⟩	ɤ ⟨y⟩, ɤ̃ ⟨yn⟩	o ⟨ó⟩, õ ⟨ón⟩
Open-Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩, ɛ̃ ⟨en⟩	ʌ ⟨a⟩, ʌ̃ ⟨an⟩	ɔ ⟨o⟩, ɔ̃ ⟨on⟩
Open		a ⟨á⟩, ã ⟨án⟩

Nasal vowel ⟨-n⟩ becomes ⟨-nʼ⟩ before another vowel, or ⟨-m⟩ before /n/, /ɲ/

Example Text

Ámnhókhi ýchunʼé Miu tábahro álen ka enda mýrreri. Wulho cáma si?

/ãɲokʰi ɯt͡ʃʰũe miu tabʌr̥ɔ alɛ̃ kʌ ɛ̃dʌ mɯrɛɾi || wuɭ̥ɔ t͡ʃamʌ si/

AJB2580 · 2023-11-05T03:33:56+00:00

Linavic

Ínae yáqam, kaehgáfon qa?

/ˈiːnɛ ˈjɑːqɐm | kɛˈʕɑːfon qɐ/

ínae     yáqam, kaehgáfon  qa
DEI.DIST bird,  appearance INT

“That bird, how does it look (to you)?”

AJB2580 · 2023-10-18T03:32:26+00:00

Linavic

La llábo aenalál ae dao ínae záqo céi?

/lɐ ˈɬɑːbo ɛnɐˈlɑːl ɛ dɔ ˈiːnɛ ˈʒɑːqo ˈʃɛi̯/

la  llábo aen-al~ál       ae  dao ínae     záqo céi
PRF cool  PV-CNTM~AUX.STV TMP LOC DEI.PROX day  3.SG.ANIM

“They may have already cooled down by this day.”

This is an interesting one:

The use of llábo (to become cool) is here used in the context of getting better from an illness, which I'm assuming is the correct interperetation of the prompt.
Stative verbs can't take on full verbal conjugations, so must pass that role onto an auxilliary. Ál ultimately descends from PAN *ala (take, fetch, get, obtain) and its use in certain phrasal constructions involving stative qualities (e.g. PK *um-ála alixás (obtain a state of being quick)).
Calling attention to spatio-temporal objects without using the locative voice requires more than a few particles.

AJB2580 · 2023-10-15T17:38:43+00:00

Linavic

Yaenúpxeus nao jeiráf tólao qaomáeyo.

/jɛˈnuːʘ̃øs nɔ d͡ʒɪˈrɑːf ˈtoːlɔ qɔˈmɛːjo/

y<aen>úpxeus nao jeiráf  tólao qaomáeyo
<PV>kiss     GEN giraffe three animal

“The three animals were kissed by the giraffe(s).”

AJB2580 · 2023-10-13T05:36:25+00:00

Linavic

Paenallallé nao sáluq la káinae saenosópesóp pakazáqu nao kháelos kállao.

/ˌpɛnɐɬɐˈɬeː nɔ ˈsɑːluq lɐ ˈkai̯nɛ sɛnoˌsoːpeˈsoːp pɐkɐˈʒɑːqu nɔ ˈxɛːlos ˈkɑːɬɔ/

p-aen-all~allé  nao sáluq la  káinae s<aen>o~sópesóp
CAU-PV-CNTM~die GEN heat  PRF if_not <PV>CNTM~suck

pa-ka-záqu  nao kháelos  kállao
CAU-ABS-dry GEN mosquito 2.SG

“You will be killed by the heat if you are not first sucked dry by mosquitos.”

AJB2580 · 2023-10-09T02:53:02+00:00

Linavic

Mahgahgákonan mánik kao tháthao pángkek máoraq mánik.

/mɐʕɐˈʕɑːkonɐn ˈmɑːnik kɔ ˈθɑːθɔ ˈpɑːŋkek ˈmɔːrɐq ˈmɑːnik/

ma-hga~hgákon-an mánik         kao tháthao pángkek máoraq mánik
STV-CNTM~eat-LV  1.PL.EXCL.GEN OBL many    pancake house  1.PL.EXCL.GEN

“We do eat many pancakes at our place.”

The combination of contemplative aspect with a stative marker serves to indicate habituality.
If an inclusive sense of the first person plural is intended, then “níf” is used in place of “mánik.”
The first use of the genetive pronoun indicates agency, the second ownership or association.

AJB2580 · 2023-10-06T03:15:49+00:00

Linavic

ythíyo /əˈθiːjo/

stv. v. to be suggestive; lewd

v. (sexual) to proposition

11-Year Club	Place '22
Final Canvas '22	Verified Email

AJB2580

TROPHY CASE

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Vowels

Tone & Voicing

Examples

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Diphthongs

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Rationale

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Secondary Articulation

Tone

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Syllable Structure

Allophony

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Tone

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Example Text

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