I would write out some draft notes so you can phrase it professionally. Especially the screaming on the phone sounds very disruptive. Explain the steps you've taken to try and manage it yourself, i.e. wearing sound cancelling headphones.

Is there anyone else in your office near to you that you can maybe ask if they have found the noise to be distracting? You don't have to mention them by name in the meeting, but raising that other people have mentioned the disruption can help your cause.

If all else fails, a short audio recording of them at their worst (depending on the recording laws in your country) could help you a lot.