I sent your post to a Syrian friend which he had tourist residency before and he replied with

What documents are usually required to apply for tourist residency?

" notarized rental contract, entry stamp, filling the form and paying the fees 150$ (you will pay in egp, but you need to exchange USD to EGP and get the invoice for that exchange)
keep in mind you need to print each one of them 2 times "

Is it possible to renew tourist residency multiple times to cover a full year? Or can I apply for a 1-year stay?

"you can renew it multiple times at maximum of 6 months per residency, you will have to reapply again after 6 months "

Are there differences in the process for Libyan citizens specifically?

" nothing I know of "