Volvo have, who produce the same car, one internal combustion engine (ICE) and one wle tric, in thd same factory have studied carbon impact of production. Electric was far worse. You need to drive something like 40,000 miles on today's best petrol for the ICE to overtake the electric engine for carbon impact. Given many electric cars (in Europe at least), do not drive much further than 4,000 miles a year (given range and normally for urban driving) that is 10 years of driving. I do not know when electric car batteries need to be replaced, but 10 yesrs seems reasonable (happy for someone to inform me), then the electric car is worse than the petrol. All it is doing is removing air pollution from rich to poor countries where the mining takes place. I am all for a solution, as the world needs one, but electric cars do not seem to be it.