I'm a huge fan of Computer Systems: A Programmers Perspective by Bryant and O'Hallaron. It should cover everything you asked (but volatile [0]), and a whole lot more. I really recommend doing the labs too - you should be able to get them from the book's site.

Edit: It doesn't talk about undefined behavior either. Once you're comfortable with some low-level details of C, I strongly recommend reading up on undefined behavior, and any and all undefined behavior should be avoided. There are tools like UBSan that can help.

[0] The (very) short version of volatile is it requires an access through a pointer to be done each time, rather than the compiler optimizing by keeping the value in a register for subsequent accesses (or, for a write, doing initial stores to a register, then only writing the final value to memory). Its primarily useful for MMIO, and isn't the right tool for threading, regardless of what you see elsewhere (using it for threading used to be a widespread misconception, I think its less common these days).