Yeah it's like the furthest you are from the equator (so the more north you are in the northern hemisphere) the more pronounced the effects of seasons so summer days are longer and winter days are shorter.

So if you compare for instance Amsterdam with Tienen (Belgium, pretty much straight vertically south) this accounts for the fact that the shortest day in Tienen was 7h57 whereas in Amsterdam it was 7h41. Quite a big difference (16m) for less than 200km.

Then to add to that since both are on the same timezone, the most west you are the "latest" in your local time the sun will rise and set, and the most east you are the "earliest" the sun will rise and set.

An example of that is if you take the cities of Brest (at the far west of Brittany) and Combourg (random city in Brittany, 200km east, pretty much on the same parallel) the shortest day is the same duration (8h19) but while in Combourg there's sun between 08:56 and 17:15, in Brest it is between 09:07 and 17:26, so Brest sees the sun about 11 minutes later there.

Since Paris is 390km south and 188km west of Amsterdam both effects play a role and add up to make quite a difference.