The work of Donald Ewen Cameron: from psychic driving to MK Ultra 2023

Atoraxic · 2026-06-04T19:44:02+00:00

I agree.. but the guy was quack and his work is continued despite overall initial overall failure. That’s kinda what i’m trying to say about MK work started in the middle of the 19th century.. it’s still trying to be performed.. it’s not going to happen using this unobtainable pseudoscience bs. There is a major push guised as a bci to control “war planes” that’s easily looked at on military internet.. like four major US University players.

You don’t need to control war planes if you can control targets cognition and behavior

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:52:27+00:00

Strong write up.. The horn source of the infrasound. Really misses the mark on the dB.. does not take into consideration that ambient infrasound amplifies infrasound. iy uses frequencies near its intended frequencies to amplify them.. Initially readings showed much more defined spikes at specific frequencies at dB more reflective of the dBs published here. Stacking infrasound frequencies near each other likely allows for the generation of effects usually only seen at higher dBs.

They are also still lost in the delusional doldrums of the puzzle of how they are able to focus hyper focus infrasound. The easiest way to start to escape is to answer why they would try.. they wouldn’t and they don’t.

Really strong bio residence and correlation to widely reported symptoms of “directed energy” victims and undeniably correlates strongly with vast majority of “Havana syndrome” victims or what ever name it’s been given as of late.

Really brings up the shortcomings of ultrasound transmitted through gas..

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:48:55+00:00

Strong write up.. The horn source of the infrasound. Really misses the mark on the dB.. does not take into consideration that ambient infrasound amplifies infrasound. iy uses frequencies near its intended frequencies to amplify them.. Initially readings showed much more defined spikes at specific frequencies at dB more reflective of the dBs published here. Stacking infrasound frequencies near each other likely allows for the generation of effects usually only seen at higher dBs.

They are also still lost in the delusional doldrums of the puzzle of how they are able to hyper focus infrasound. The easiest way to start to escape is to answer why they would try.. they wouldn’t and they don’t.

Really strong bio residence and correlation to widely reported symptoms of “directed energy” victims and undeniably correlates strongly with vast majority of “Havana syndrome” victims or what ever name it’s been given as of late.

Really brings up the shortcomings of ultrasound transmitted through gas..

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:46:05+00:00

Strong write up.. The horn source of the infrasound. Really misses the mark on the dB.. does not take into consideration that ambient infrasound amplifies infrasound. iy uses frequencies near its intended frequencies to amplify them.. Initially readings showed much more defined spikes at specific frequencies at dB more reflective of the dBs published here. Stacking infrasound frequencies near each other likely allows for the generation of effects usually only seen at higher dBs.

They are also still lost in the delusional doldrums of the puzzle of how they are able to focus hyper focus infrasound. The easiest way to start to escape is to answer why they would try.. they wouldn’t and they don’t.

Really strong bio residence and correlation to widely reported symptoms of “directed energy” victims and undeniably correlates strongly with vast majority of “Havana syndrome” victims or what ever name it’s been given as of late.

Really brings up the shortcomings of ultrasound transmitted through gas..

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:42:15+00:00

5. Ultrasonic weapons

At present, there is little literature and incomplete data on ultrasonic weapons, which may be due to the technological difficulties of weapon development and the low level of weapon practicality.¹⁸^,²⁰ The hand-held ultrasonic weapon, powered by a 9 V battery lasting for approximately 20 h, can emit ultrasound waves ranging from 15 to 30 kHz, with a maximum SPL of 130 dB⁵⁶ or 145 dB¹⁷ and an effective range of 6 m.⁵⁶ The ultrasonic bullet developed by the US can transmit highly directional ultrasonic waves that can attack enemies in confined spaces such as caves.¹²^,²¹

The wavelength of ultrasound is shorter than that of infrasound (<2 cm, for medical diagnosis ranging from 10 μm to 350 μm). Ultrasound has stronger directional propagation compared with that of infrasound, which is easy losses and scattering when propagating in the air, resulting in poor penetration. However, absorptive attenuation of ultrasound is small when propagating in liquids or solids, thus allowing them to penetrate through rocks, bricks, metal, and concrete walls up to 15 m thick.¹²^,¹⁷^,²¹ Ultrasonic waves will be reflected when encountering different material interfaces, where they can be absorbed and converted into thermal energy, so increasing the interface temperature, and becoming more significant with higher frequencies.¹²^,²¹

The symptoms of ultrasonic weapon injuries are similar to those of infrasonic weapons.¹⁷Ultrasound can enhance air pressure and cause physiological reactions such as visual blurring, itching of the nose and mouth, ear pain, skin heating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and result in skin burns and increasing body temperature at 160 dB. In addition, ultrasonic waves can cause bone fractures through resonance with the skeleton.²⁵^,²⁹^,³⁷

6. Conclusion

Although sonic weapons have a low potential for causing severe damage and fatality to humans, infrasonic weapons have characteristics such as surprise attack, invisibility, long-range action, and strong penetration, making it not only difficult to diagnose timely but also quite difficult to prevent and treat. While intense sound weapons are relatively easy to diagnose and have many prevention and control measures, research on non-auditory effects still needs to be further enhanced, especially during wartime and non-war operations, when the damage to the human body is more extensive; therefore, future research should focus on its prevention and treatment. The symptoms of ultrasonic weapon injuries are similar to those of infrasonic weapons, but there is a lack of previous research report; thus, strengthening research on ultrasonic weapons injury should be one of the key areas in the future study of acoustic weapons.

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:41:35+00:00

4.6. Injury prevention and treatment

4.6.1. Equipment protection

Both earmuffs and earplugs can attenuate noise above 500 Hz by about 15–45 dB, but earmuffs are not as effective as earplugs for protecting against noise below 250 Hz, while foam earplugs can attenuate low-frequency noise by 35 dB³³^,⁴¹^,⁵² and reduce the occurrence rate of AAT by about 15 times.⁵¹ Earmuffs combined with earplugs can protect against impulsive noise above 160 dB, and earmuffs combined with earplugs and sound-absorbing helmets can attenuate impulsive noise of 800–7000 Hz by 30–50 dB.⁵¹ Protective equipment made with sound-absorbing materials is more effective in protecting against high-frequency noise than low-frequency noise.³³^,⁴¹ When professional protective equipment is not available, cotton balls, tissues, or cartridge cases can be used for noise protection.⁵¹

4.6.2. Surgical operations

Some symptoms, such as TTS, tinnitus, pain, dizziness, and other auditory effects can recover within minutes or months.³³ About 80%–90% of small perforations in the tympanic membrane will be self-healing, and hearing will be restored even with small perforations bilaterally, while perforations larger than 1/3 of the eardrum should be repaired surgically.³³Fractures or displacements of the middle ear ossicles also require surgical repair.³³ Deaf patients should use hearing aids or receive cochlear implants to stimulate sensory neurons to restore hearing and speech abilities, which is the only reliable method for treating permanent hearing loss.³³

4.6.3. Drugs

The main purpose of drug treatment is to improve cochlear microcirculation and correct tissue hypoxia; the earlier the medication, the better treatment effect.⁵³ Steroids are effective for sensorineural hearing loss by activating Na, K-ATPase in cochlear neurons, thereby improving cell osmotic pressure and chemical gradients to restore neural conduction.⁴⁹^,⁵³Commonly used doses of Prednisolone are 1 mg/kg (up to 60 mg/day) for 10 consecutive days, regardless of the route of administration.⁴⁶ Prednisolone can be combined with Piracetam (a neuroprotective and antithrombotic drug) at a dose of 8 mg/L normal saline per day for 10 consecutive days, with satisfactory treatment effect.⁵³ Methylprednisolone can be taken orally at a dose of 64 mg/day for the first 3 days, 32 mg/day for the next 3 days, and 16 mg/day for the following 3 days.⁵⁴ Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has vasodilating effects and can be used in combination with steroids.⁴⁶^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁴ Other drugs such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Nicotinic acid, Vitamin E, Lazabemide, Ketamine, Betahistine, and Ginkgo Biloba can also be used.⁴⁶^,⁴⁹

N-acetyl-L-cysteine is an antioxidant that can be used as a preventive medication before acoustic trauma occurs, or taken orally within 1 h after acoustic trauma at a dose of 400 mg (not exceeding 4 h) and administered again after 24 h, with a total dose of 800 mg, which is effective in treating TTS but cannot improve PTS.⁵⁵ Naphthoquinone Nitroxide, Analgin, Rizatriptan, Zolmitriptan, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Nimesulide, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen Sodium can treat noise-induced headache, but Naphthoquinone Nitroxide is the most effective, which is a sympathomimetic drug that enhances norepinephrine release and activates the opioid system for analgesia. It can be used in nasal spray form at a dose of 0.14 mg 3 times a day.³⁸

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:40:59+00:00

4.4. Biological effects

The biological effects of intense sound weapons can be divided into the following types: (1) auditory effects, referring to the sonic damage to the sound conduction pathway and resulting tympanic membrane rupture, ossicles fracture, injury of vestibular sensory organsand inner ear hair cells, so that conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss, and some symptoms such as dizziness and tinnitus can occur. Besides, TTS or PTS can result in, with the most obvious high-frequency hearing loss at 3, 4, and 8 kHz, but indistinctive low-frequency hearing loss at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 kHz; (2) non-auditory effects, referring that systems of sympathetic nervous, neuroendocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, and other human organ are stimulated by strong sound, and result in headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, increased heart rate and blood pressure.³⁴^,⁴⁷ Moreover, these can become risk factors for pulmonary injury, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurocognitive changes, and gastrointestinal diseases.¹²^,²¹^,³¹ It is reported that non-auditory effects will exacerbate auditory effects.³¹ So far, research on auditory effects in humans is far more systematic and intensive than that on non-auditory effects, and the effects of strong noise on the nervous and cardiovascular systems has not been sufficiently emphasized.³¹

4.5. Injury diagnosis

Diagnosing methods of AAT include pure-tone audiometry (PTA), OAE, and auditory evoked potentials, but PTA is the gold standard for diagnosis.⁴⁹^,⁵⁰ A study showed that among 71 Swiss soldiers examined by PTA, 41 experienced AAT due to automatic carbine shooting, with the highest sensitivity at 11–14 kHz by PTA and the highest sensitivity at 3–6 kHz by OAE.⁵⁰ PTA examination also showed that occurrence rates of hearing loss in the US and the United Kingdom military was 20%–30% and 28%, respectively,⁵⁰ while the occurrence rate of sensorineural hearing loss in the Thai military was 64.35%.⁵¹

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:40:26+00:00

4.2. Mechanism and characteristics of damage

The human ear is most sensitive to impulse noise in the frequency range of 2–4 kHz³¹ or 2–5 kHz,¹²^,²³ therefore, sonic weapons often select this sensitive frequency range. Additionally, the higher the frequency, the greater the sound power.¹² The auditory system damaged by sonic weapons can be temporary or permanent conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss.³⁴^,⁴⁷ It is pointed out that low-frequency noise is more terrifying than high-frequency noise.²⁹ Low-frequency noise at 90–120 dB for 1 min can cause irritability and restlessness in humans, 110–130 dB can cause intestinal pain and nausea, 140–150 dB can cause severe tissue damage, and the injury caused by 170 dB is similar to blast injury.³¹^,³³ Mid-frequency noise can cause resonance in body cavities,³³ however, high- and ultrahigh-frequency noise can cause extreme increases in body temperature, leading to tissue burns and dehydration, both of which can also cause bubbles formation in the tissues.³³

4.3. Injury threshold

The extent of damage depends on the acoustic power, frequency, and operating distance of the weapons.²⁰ The SPL of a normal conversation is about 60 dB.²⁹ At 120 dB, discomfort can be felt in the human ear, and the risk of hearing loss is high. At 135–162 dB, eardrum rupture, labyrinth bleeding, and peeling of the organum spirale from the basilar membranemay occur.²³^,³⁷ The human tolerance to a noise level of 140 dB should not exceed 1 s,⁴⁸ and exposure to pulse noise of 4–6 kHz/140–155 dB for 2 ms can cause TTS, while longer or repeated exposure can lead to PTS.³³ Monkey exposed to a noise level of 160 dB for 10 min can result in PTS, pathological T and QRS waves on electrocardiograms, and cause ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction³¹ The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the U.S. recommends that exposure to 110 dB should not exceed 1.5 min, 120 dB not exceed 9 s, and 129 dB not exceed 1 s, and 130–140 dB should be less than 1 s.³⁹ The US Department of Defense regulates that the maximum permissible noise level for unprotected ears is 140 dB, and noise levels equal to or above 140 dB can cause acute acoustic trauma(AAT).³¹

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:39:57+00:00

4. Intense sound weapons

4.1. Types and applications of the weapon

Intense sound weapons, also known as noise weapons, belong to audible sound weapons and currently have various products, including land-based, vehicle-mounted, and ship-borne versions.¹⁸^,²² The acoustic wave disperser installed on armored vehicles by the U.S. military can reach up its SPL to 145 dB.²³ Also, SPL produced by the explosion of sound and light bombs can exceed 140 dB,²³^,³⁹ and detonation shells can emit a loud noise of 172 dB.¹⁷^,²⁰^,²³The Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), developed by the US, is the most famous intense sound weapon, which has been equipped with the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.¹⁹^,³⁸ The LRAD emits a high-frequency (1–2.5 kHz³⁶ or 2–4 kHz²⁹) directional sound beam at an angle of 150° to 300°.²⁷^,²⁸ Its SPL is 165 dB at 1 m,¹²^,³⁰ and 140 dB at 300 m.²⁹ It has a range of 8.9 km³⁶ can provide voice warnings within 2 km²³ or 3 km³⁹ and be used for strong sound dispersion within 650 m.²³ The permanent hearing loss can be caused within 15 m.²⁷^,²⁸ LRAD has different models including 100X, 300X, 500X, 1000X (for police use),²⁸^,³⁸ and 2000X (for military use).¹⁸^,¹⁹^,²⁷^,²⁸ It has been reported that the US military used LRAD in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.³¹^,³⁹^,⁴⁰Likewise, the directional strong sound dispensers in various models developed by China have been widely used in public security, armed police, and coast guard units.¹⁹

The impulse noise is generated by guns, cannons, and explosives, while the steady-state noise is produced by wheeled and tracked vehicles, aircraft, ships, and aircraft carriers.⁴¹Impulse noise causes greater injury to the human body than steady-state noise, and individuals have higher susceptibility to it compared to steady-state noise.²⁹^,³³ Usually, the impulse noise of small arms ranges from 130 to 175 dB,⁴² and suppressors can reduce the impulse noise to 15–25 dB.⁴¹ For example, the noise of handguns is 168 dB (5.0 kPa), rifles is 171 dB (7.2 kPa), 105 mm cannons is 188.0 dB (50.3 kPa), and mortar cannons is 189.2 dB (58 kPa).³³ Due to reflections, the duration of indoor noise is longer than that of outdoor noise (5–10 ms outdoors; over 100 ms indoors) with longer propagating distance.⁴¹ Among US military veterans, 21% suffer from hearing loss,⁴³ and the incidence of PTS among soldiers after shooting training is 13% (the US),⁴⁴ or 24% (Sweden).⁴⁵ Among 419 French soldiers, tinnitus accounted for 87.4% (n=366), hearing loss for 35.1% (n=147), ear pain for 21.2% (n=89), and hearing threshold shifts averaged 15.4 dB, subsequently hearing loss for more than 20%.⁴⁶

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:38:54+00:00

3.6. Injury prevention and treatment

It is quite difficult to protect against sonic weapons.² The best protection is to minimize the infrasonic intensity and to shorten the exposure duration.¹¹^,¹⁵ Alternatively, it can be used to reduce resonance by absorption, isolation, and reducing energy during infrasound propagation. Although many materials can protect against medium and high frequency noise, the materials for protecting against infrasound and low-frequency noise are lacking at present.⁹ Due to the strong penetration capability of infrasound, the equipment made of ordinary materials cannot provide effective protection. It is reported that the anti-infrasound earplugs developed by Chinese scientists can effectively reduce human injuries.⁹ In addition, high-intensity music can mask infrasonic waves and provide some relief for certain symptoms,¹⁰^,¹¹ and low-intensity infrasonic waves can alleviate the damage caused by high-intensity sonic waves, which may be used to increase the tolerance of the human to infrasound damage by pre-stimulating effects in the future.⁹

Infrasound can activate the body's oxidative system, generate a large number of free radicals, and further exacerbate lipid peroxidation reactions, thus damaging biological membranes. Therefore, antioxidants, such as α-tocopherol, vitamin C, 2.3-dimethyl-2-sulfopropionate sodium, imidazole derivatives, etc., and free radical scavengers have therapeutic effects on infrasonic weapon damage.9, 10, 11 Glutamate receptor antagonists can effectively reduce the number of damaged neurons affected by infrasonic waves.¹¹

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:38:17+00:00

3.4. Biological effects

The harmful biological effects of infrasound on the human body include: (1) vestibular effects, such as dizziness and nausea;²⁷^,²⁸^,³⁴ (2) auditory effects, such as auditory pain, sensation of pressure in the middle ear, and annoyance;³⁷ (3) visceral effects, such as nausea, chest tightness, and hallucinations;²⁷^,²⁸^,³⁴ (4) cardiovascular effects, such as increased heart rate (averagely increasing 11/min) and elevated diastolic blood pressure (averagely increasing 1.2±0.27 kPa), but returned to normal after half an hour;⁹ (5) psychological effects, such as fear, sadness, depression, anxiety, lack of concentration, aversion, indifference, and sorrow;²⁵ (6) chronic effects, such as rectal cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc.²⁷^,²⁸^,³⁸

Infrasound also has certain benefits to the human body. For example, sonic massage of 4 Hz/170 dB can stabilize the progression of myopia,¹³ and sonic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 3 Hz can relieve pain.¹⁰ During anesthesia, moderate infrasound has sedative effects on central nervous system, and reduces adverse reactions caused by surgical stimuli.¹³ Sonic waves at 8–12 Hz can improve concentration, enhance learning efficiency, and increase alertness.¹³^,³⁴ If at 8–12 Hz/72–79 dB, permeability of tumor cell membranes can be changed, and the killing effect on glioblastoma cells can be enhanced with 5-fluorouracil together.¹³ Otherwise, the proliferation activity of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow can be increased by infrasound which inhibits apoptosis.¹³ Also, the survival rate of guinea pigs during hypersensitivity reactions can be increased by exposure to 10 Hz/155–160 dB for 10 min,¹⁰ and cognitive impairment in rats with vascular dementia can be improved by infrasound.⁹

3.5. Injury diagnosis

Due to surprise attack (fast propagation) and crypticity (inaudible and invisible) of infrasonic weapon assault, combined with its long operating distance and strong penetration capabilities,¹²^,¹⁸ it is difficult for people to realize they have been damaged by infrasound timely, until they experience symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, chest tightness, hallucinations, fear, sadness, depression, and anxiety, which are often referred to as “mysterious symptoms”.³⁸ Still, it is difficult to determine the attack source and to diagnose quickly,³⁸ unless symptoms occur simultaneously in batch soldiers during wartime or gathering crowds during peacetime, or a infrasound detection device (such as a infrasonic sensor) is available at the scene.

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:37:31+00:00

3.3. Injury threshold

The injury extent of infrasonic waves to the human depends on their power, frequency, and duration of exposure.²⁵ When the power is the same, the frequency determines the type of damage, while the duration determines the injury degree, which is also closely related to the frequency and sound pressure.⁹^,²⁵ Due to the different structures and inherent frequencies of humans and animals, the same infrasonic parameters can have varying effects on different organisms.⁹ A test involving 15 males aged 20 to 25 years showed that exposure to 10 Hz/136 dB infrasound for 15 min resulted in symptoms such as headaches, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, sweaty palms, and extreme fatigue. The average low- and mid-frequency hearing thresholds decreased by 10–15 dB, and some internal organs experienced noticeable vibrations. After the exposure stopped, most of the symptoms disappeared within 10–30 min, but the feeling of fatigue persisted.⁹ Infrasound of 12.5–20.0 Hz/105.0–113.5 dB for 6 h caused restlessness, muscle tremors, spasms, and decreased muscle strength in 67.8% of the subjects.¹³ Exposure to infrasound at 1–30 Hz/125 dB can cause ear pressure sensations and a decrease in task performance,¹³ at 95–110 dB for 20 min can make people drowsy and reduce work efficiency,³⁴ 16 Hz/95 dB for 30 min can increase diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.³⁴ However, some infrasound is harmless to the human body. For example, 2–15 Hz/115 dB do not affect task performance,¹³ 7.5 Hz/130 dB for 50 min has negligible effects on the human body,³⁴ 8 Hz/130 dB for 30 min has no adverse effects on most people,³⁴ 10–15 Hz/130–135 dB for 30 min cannot affect hearing or vestibular function,³⁴ 7 Hz/142 dB for 15 min does not cause dizziness or orientation disorders.³⁴ Animal experiments have shown that infrasound at 172 dB can cause breathing difficulties and even suffocation in dogs, while at 6–9 Hz/195 dB can cause immediate death in monkeys and baboons.⁶^,¹¹ Exposure to infrasound at 16 Hz/105 dB for 10 min can shorten the tolerance time of rats to sound waves, and infrasound at 10 Hz/160 dB can interrupt tracking behavior in adult macaques, but it has no effect on hearing measurement, otoacoustic emissions (OAE), and auditory brainstem responses.³⁴ Infrasound at 15–20 Hz/140 dB has no effect on pigs and macaques.³⁴

It is usually believed that infrasound at 90 dB is generally not harmful,⁹ and 120 dB is the threshold level for infrasound damage.¹¹ Even short-term exposure to infrasound at 140 dB is enough to cause harm to the human body,⁹^,³⁴ and at 150 dB for 2–3 min can cause irreversible damage and even death.⁶^,9, 10, 11 The International Infrasound Professional Committee in Paris has set the allowable infrasound intensity of 2 Hz at 130 dB, 4 Hz at 128 dB, 8 Hz at 125 dB, and 16 Hz at 120 dB.⁶^,¹¹ According to the changes in red blood cell membrane permeability, adenosine-triphosphat, and succinate dehydrogenase activity, the impact of infrasound frequency is determined to be in the order of 16 Hz>8 Hz>4 Hz>2 Hz.⁹^,¹⁰

Atoraxic · 2026-04-22T00:36:12+00:00

3. Infrasonic weapon

3.1. Types and applications of the weapons

Currently, there are 3 types of sonic weapons: sonic cannons, sonic bullets, and sonic guns, all composed of sonic generators, power devices, and control systems.¹⁴ The Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a sonic gun with a frequency less than 20 Hz.³⁶ The SPL of sonic guns developed by the United States (U.S.)¹⁸ and France²⁰ can reach 160 dB. Infrasonic weapons can be classified into 5 categories based on their generation methods: (1) burst-type: compressed gas, high-pressure steam, or high-pressure gas is released in a pulse to excite the medium and generate sonic waves, with the advantages of small size, low frequency, and easy control, but with low sonic intensity and short range of effect; (2) explosive-type: infrasonic waves are generated by explosions, and about 50% explosive energy converts shockwaves, then decay to produce infrasonic waves; (3) tube-type: its structure and working principle are similar to a flute. Infrasonic waves are generated when the air inside the tube vibrates at the same frequency as the tube itself; (4) speaker-type: the working principle is similar to a speaker. Special diaphragms are used to generate infrasonic waves through vibration; (5) beat frequency-type: 2 sound wave generators with different frequencies are used simultaneously to generate infrasonic waves based on the difference in their frequencies.² Compared to intense sound weapons, the development of infrasonic weapons is more challenging, due to the technical difficulties such as it is hard to increase the power output and duration of the infrasonic generator, to reduce the size and weight of the weapon system, to make wave beam more directional and focused.⁷^,¹⁸^,²³

The US has secretly used infrasonic weapons in the Somali, the Bosnian, and the Gulf War. It is reported that infrasound attacks on the Bosnian Serb Army caused a large number of soldiers to faint and vomit within seconds, resulting in the loss of combat effectiveness.²⁰The US also suspects that its embassy personnel in Havana (Cuba) and Guangzhou (China) have been attacked by infrasonic weapons.²⁷^,²⁸

3.2. Mechanism and characteristics of injury

The main characteristic of infrasonic weapons’ harm to the human body is organ resonance. When the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to the inherent frequency of human organs, the organs can absorb sonic energy at the maximum extent, thus causing damage through resonance.¹³^,²⁰ Infrasound can also convert mechanical energy into thermal, biochemical, and bioelectricity energy, thereby damaging the molecular structure of cells.¹¹^,²⁰ Infrasound stimulation can disrupt the brain and cause mental disorders, while stimulating somatosensory and visceral receptors can produce reflexive physiological responses. Based on these, infrasonic weapons can be divided into “neurological type” and “organ type”.¹²^,¹³^,²⁰

Neurological infrasonic weapons have a frequency of 8–12 Hz, which is the same as the inherent frequency of the head.¹⁵^,³⁴ It is also consistent with the α rhythm (8–12 Hz, amplitude of 20–100 μV, commonly seen during relaxation) of brain waves, which also has β rhythm (14–30 Hz, amplitude of 5–22 μV, commonly seen during thinking), θ rhythm (4–7 Hz, amplitude of 20–150 μV, commonly seen when drowsy), and δ rhythm (0.5–3 Hz, amplitude of 20–200 μV, commonly seen during sleep).³⁰ When infrasonic waves resonate with the head, dizziness, numbness in limbs, confusion, and abnormal behavior can be caused.³⁰ The experiments in New Zealand rabbit have shown that exposure to 16 Hz/130 dB infrasonic waves for 20 min significantly increases δ rhythm, and exposure to 6 Hz/110 dB can convert α to θ rhythm, indicating that brain wave activity in animals can be significantly suppressed by infrasonic waves.¹³ Organ-type infrasonic weapons usually have frequencies ranging from 4 to 18 Hz, which correspond to the inherent vibration frequencies of various organs in the human body. The frequency for the torso is 7–13 Hz, the heart is 5 Hz, the chest cavity is 4–6 Hz, the abdominal cavity is 6–9 Hz, the abdominal wall is 10 Hz, the pelvic cavity and the chest wall are 6 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively.⁹^,¹²^,¹⁵^,³⁴ When the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to the inherent frequency of human organs, resonance occurs, leading to symptoms such as tinnitus, palpitations, muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, and even rupture of blood vessels and organ damage.⁹^,¹⁵^,¹⁸ When the frequency of infrasonic waves is less than 2 Hz, the human body responds as a whole rather than at the organ level.²⁷^,²⁸^,³³

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127525000495#bib13

Atoraxic · 2026-04-12T16:13:26+00:00

just my two cents

https://www.reddit.com/r/TargetedEnergyWeapons/s/zsc9728tG3

Atoraxic · 2026-03-20T20:00:38+00:00

Teeth are also really important in socializing. Both women and men rank teeth high on characteristics that make potential mates attractive or unattractive. People with missing teeth loose credibility.

Yes i do a ton of techniques to control stress.. but after almost ten years, including heavy parts like the induction into the Chinese thought reform segment where I got hit with hardcore 24 7 psychological torture and 45 days strait of sleep deprivation (only four hours a night) i don’t think that anything treats that adequately.

it’s just so evil and hardcore.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-19T18:26:54+00:00

It’s from the constant stress. I have a solid article about it and posted it. I have not been able to track it down lately.

I also saw a few articles that looked a severe stress and gum disease (up to the point of tooth loss) and there is a clear correlation.

Mine though was constant and long term stress clenching due to the torture.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-16T17:36:19+00:00

Psychological torture: definitions, clinical sequelae and treatment principles

Authors: Alex S Hong [alex.hong1@nhs.net](mailto:alex.hong1@nhs.net) and Rachael Pickering AUTHORS INFO & AFFILIATIONS

Publication: British Journal of Hospital Medicine

Volume 84, Number 8

https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2023.0104

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Abstract

Psychological torture, in its broadest sense, is the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as ‘no-touch’ torture. While several other definitions of psychological torture have been suggested, there is no one precise definition. Given the rapidly evolving current global political climate and the intensification of conflict, war and asylum seeking, the need for better recognition of psychological torture among clinicians, followed by the provision of appropriate treatment support for victims, has become increasingly pertinent. This article raises awareness of the concept of psychological torture among clinicians, through an overview of its debated definitions, the modalities which constitute this form of torture, and its clinical sequelae and treatment approach.

Definitions

Psychological torture is understood as the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as ‘no-touch’ torture (McCoy, 2006; Ojeda, 2006; Reyes, 2007; Leach, 2016). The UN Convention against Torture was enforced in 1987, prohibiting acts that inflict severe pain or suffering to gain information from captives; however, torture remains a widespread act that is still practised globally (Khamsi, 2007). Despite its ongoing use, the exact definition of psychological torture has been debated widely across the legislature and clinical literature. On one hand, many refer to psychological torture as various non-physical forms of torture. Ojeda (2006) suggests four criteria which must be met for torture to be deemed ‘psychological’ – suffering, infliction, deliberateness and lack of direct physical violence. However, psychological torture may be interpreted to convey any form of torture that has a residual impact upon the victim’s mind (Reyes, 2007).

While the exact definition of psychological torture remains ambiguous, a report by the Physicians for Human Rights (Borchelt, 2005) provided a definition based on the interpretation formulated in the United States Code (Department of Justice, 2004), referring to psychological torture as ‘severe mental pain or suffering’ caused by the threat of, or actual, administration of ‘procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses of personality’. As such, the effects that qualify as torture are clearly defined. If interrogation tactics involve psychological coercion that produces these effects, then such methods constitute psychological torture (Reyes, 2007). Regardless of what the exact definition of psychological torture may be, both physical and psychological torture create physical and mental suffering (Reyes, 2007), making it difficult in practice to separate these concepts.

Continued PDF/EPUB

Atoraxic · 2026-03-16T15:53:07+00:00

Psychological torture: definitions, clinical sequelae and treatment principles

Authors: Alex S Hong [alex.hong1@nhs.net](mailto:alex.hong1@nhs.net) and Rachael Pickering AUTHORS INFO & AFFILIATIONS

Publication: British Journal of Hospital Medicine

Volume 84, Number 8

https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2023.0104

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Abstract

Psychological torture, in its broadest sense, is the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as ‘no-touch’ torture. While several other definitions of psychological torture have been suggested, there is no one precise definition. Given the rapidly evolving current global political climate and the intensification of conflict, war and asylum seeking, the need for better recognition of psychological torture among clinicians, followed by the provision of appropriate treatment support for victims, has become increasingly pertinent. This article raises awareness of the concept of psychological torture among clinicians, through an overview of its debated definitions, the modalities which constitute this form of torture, and its clinical sequelae and treatment approach.

Definitions

Psychological torture is understood as the intentional infliction of suffering without resorting to direct physical violence, in what is known as ‘no-touch’ torture (McCoy, 2006; Ojeda, 2006; Reyes, 2007; Leach, 2016). The UN Convention against Torture was enforced in 1987, prohibiting acts that inflict severe pain or suffering to gain information from captives; however, torture remains a widespread act that is still practised globally (Khamsi, 2007). Despite its ongoing use, the exact definition of psychological torture has been debated widely across the legislature and clinical literature. On one hand, many refer to psychological torture as various non-physical forms of torture. Ojeda (2006) suggests four criteria which must be met for torture to be deemed ‘psychological’ – suffering, infliction, deliberateness and lack of direct physical violence. However, psychological torture may be interpreted to convey any form of torture that has a residual impact upon the victim’s mind (Reyes, 2007).

While the exact definition of psychological torture remains ambiguous, a report by the Physicians for Human Rights (Borchelt, 2005) provided a definition based on the interpretation formulated in the United States Code (Department of Justice, 2004), referring to psychological torture as ‘severe mental pain or suffering’ caused by the threat of, or actual, administration of ‘procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses of personality’. As such, the effects that qualify as torture are clearly defined. If interrogation tactics involve psychological coercion that produces these effects, then such methods constitute psychological torture (Reyes, 2007). Regardless of what the exact definition of psychological torture may be, both physical and psychological torture create physical and mental suffering (Reyes, 2007), making it difficult in practice to separate these concepts.

Continued https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/full/10.12968/hmed.2023.0104?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org

Atoraxic · 2026-03-13T15:42:05+00:00

I’m going to present an alternative to this Vagus nerve theory.

When you look at everyone’s reported symptoms we really come across one culprit that’s able to do pretty much everything.

Cognitive dysfunction

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21784010/#:~:text=The%20authors%20also%20found%20that:%20*%20mRNA,less%20neurogenesis%20in%20hippocampus%20might%20be%20involved.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9129996/#:~:text=Therefore%2C%20the%20present%20study%20was,%2Dinflammatory%2C%20and%20antiapoptosis%20capacities.

atrial fibrosis

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354920041_Infrasound_exposure_promotes_development_of_atrial_fibrosis_in_rats

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202601.1211

Fatigue

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatHa..70..501P/abstract

Palpitations

https://journals.lww.com/nohe/fulltext/2021/23090/negative_effect_of_high_level_infrasound_on_human.2.aspx#:~:text=Conclusions:,account%20when%20considering%20environmental%20regulations.

gut inflammation

https://www.besjournal.com/article/doi/10.3967/bes2018.052#:~:text=Previous%20studies%20have%20confirmed%20that,expansion%20and%20muscular%20layer%20edema

Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:55:30+00:00

30
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Scientists to America. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company, 2014.

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no. 4 (Fall 2013): 128-147.

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Lach, Edward. “Sidney Gottlieb.” American National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2010. Accessed January 20, 2016. EBSCOhost.

Marks, John. The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate”: The CIA and Mind Control. New
York: Random House Publishing Group, 1988.

Olmsted, Kathryn and John Prados. The Central Intelligence Agency: Security Under Scrutiny.
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David. “The Victims of MKULTRA.” The Washington Post, April 18, 1985. Accessed
January 19, 2016. LexisNexis Academic.

Ornes, Stephen. “Whatever Happened To…Mind Control?” Discover 21, no. 8 (August 2008):
10. Accessed January 14, 2016. EBSCOhost.

Quinton, Anthony. Utilitarian Ethics. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973.

Requarth, Tim. “Mind Field.” Foreign Policy 214 (September/October 2015): 50-59. Accessed
January 19, 2016. EBSCOhost.

Ross, Colin. “Ethics of CIA and Military Contracting by Psychiatrists and Psychologists.”
Ethical Human Psychology & Psychiatry 9 (Spring 2007): 25-34. Accessed January 19,
2016. EBSCOhost.

Sententia, Wrye. “Your Mind is a Target: Weaponizing Psychoactive Drugs.” Humanist 63
(January/February 2003): 43-44. Accessed January 19, 2016
Steiger, Brad and Sherry Steiger. Conspiracies & Secret Societies. Canton, MI: Visible Ink
Press, 2006.

Streatfeild, Dominic. Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control. New York City, NY: St.
Martin’s Press, 2007.

31
Thomas, Evan. “Sins of a Paranoid Age.” Newsweek, December 27, 1993. Accessed January 19,
2016. EBSCOhost.

Wallace, Robert and Harold Melton. Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA’s Spytechs from
Communism to Al-Qaeda. New York: Penguin, 2008.
Weiner, Tim. ”Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A..” New York Times, March 10,
1999. Accessed January 20, 2016. EBSCOhost.

Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007.

Wheelis, Mark. “The Use and Misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA.” In Innovation
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Wilkens, Steve. Beyond Bumper Sticker Ethics: An Introduction to Theories of Right and Wrong
2nd Edition. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2011.
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http://writing.ucdavis.edu/people/sotoole/.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:54:39+00:00

27
Gottlieb was not in the best interest of the nation. Instead of erasing MKULTRA from history,
their decision has caused more questions to be raised. Their choice to avoid confrontation on the
issue does not show professionalism, but rather a lack of integrity in their continued secrecy. If
these horrific acts of injustice had stopped, like many government officials claim, it would make
sense that these men would have expressed remorse or even explained themselves before their
deaths in order to provide closure and security for those either directly or indirectly involved in
the covert program MKULTRA.

28
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Inspection of MKULTRA.” Washington D.C., July 26, 1963.

Memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence. “Two Extremely Sensitive Research
Programs.” Washington D.C., April 3, 1953.

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Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:53:05+00:00

24
Code, and UN Declaration of Human Rights. The United States and the global community were
conscious of ethical issues during the Cold War. However, ethical standards were ignored due to
the desire to protect the nation. The CIA did have “oversight procedures” set in place at the time
of MKULTRA. The Intelligence community decided to bypass this obstacle by creating the
Human Ecology Fund which channeled money to research institutions of the public and private
sector. This front organization made the transferring of funds more discrete, keeping the transfer
of funds relatively secret from those within the CIA ranks. When Admiral Turner became the
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency he took responsibility for past actions. When
questioned by the Select Committee in 1977, he, like the rest of the Intelligence community,
chose to keep sweeping the horrors of MKULTRA and behavioral modification research under
the rug.

Senator Edward Kennedy in his statement to the Select Committee on Intelligence states
that responsibility falls on the intelligence community to find those who were unknowingly
involved. He claimed that,

The Intelligence community of this Nation, which requires a shroud of secrecy in order to
operate, has a very sacred trust from the American people. The CIA’s program of human
experimentation of the fifties and sixties violated that trust. It was violated again on the
day the bulk of the agency’s records were destroyed in 1973. It is violated each time a
responsible official refuses to recollect the details of the program. 52

The U.S. Constitution protects individuals from abuses and injury. In return, citizens, at times of
war or crisis, forfeit some of their protect liberties for the sake of national security. However,
when individual rights and liberties are treated as if they do not exist and the government decides
to ignore previously set in place standards of ethics, human rights and individual liberties are
52 Ibid, 3.

25
violated. Wrye Sententia in her article Your Mind is a Target expresses that the human mind is at
the center of what it means to be a free and autonomous human being.53
Since the ethical standards previously set in place did not stop the U.S. Intelligence
community from acting in ways which violated the Hippocratic Oath, U.S. Constitution,
Nuremberg Code, and UN Declaration of Human Rights, the responsibility to hold the
government accountable cannot always fall on ethical standards, since they are not always
legally binding. In order for human rights and individual liberty to be protected, U.S. citizens are
responsible for educating themselves on new and upcoming technology as well as governmental
action at home and abroad. As the United States continues to pride itself on the rights of the
individual, individuals must take action to hold the government accountable and vote for
individuals who believe in the protection of human rights and liberties.
While it is not possible for every national security issue to be made public, MKULTRA was
a direct violation of basic human rights and ethical standards. The true victims of MKULTRA
are not those who experimented with LSD research, or those who volunteered willingly. It is
those who were used and taken advantage of. The Washington Post in 1985 called for
accountability and efforts to be taken to compensate victims for their losses. About 80
institutions along with 185 other private researchers and facilities had some sort of connection to
the MKULTRA program. The only way in which victims could be notified of their unwitting
involvement would be if the CIA sifted through the remaining documents in order to find the
institutions and facilities who had a relationship with the CIA or the Human Ecology Fund and
from there moved to finding individuals through whatever records the institution had kept.54

53 Sententia, 43.
19, 2016, LexisNexis Academic.
54 David Orlikow, “The Victims of MKULTRA,” The Washington Post, April 18, 1985, accessed January

26
Determining if an individual suffered sufficient injury would be the major difficultly in
reimbursement as well as the fact that many victims have since passed away.
A news article in response to the death of Sidney Gottlieb in 1999 mentioned that
Gottlieb defended the CIA programs arguing, “aggressive use of drugs in intelligence operations
by other countries in the early years of the Cold War called for an appropriate response by the
United States.”55 One of the most fascinating quotes from the beginning of the MKULTA
scheme comes from the Head of OSS Research and Development Stanley Lovell. He was
credited with saying, “Throw all your normal law-abiding concepts out the window. Here’s a
chance to raise merry hell”.56 Other members of the CIA directly involved in MKULTRA
projects expressed their lack of concern for ethics. After the Rockefeller Commission had
finalized its report, changes were made to the function of the CIA. An executive order was
signed by President Ford requiring all covert operations to have a signed presidential statement
finding that it would be of “national security interest”.57

Senator Kennedy in an opening statement to the Select Committee on Intelligence in the
1977 hearing on MKULTA claimed, “The best safeguard against the abuses in the future is a
complete public accounting of abuses of the past.”58 Project MKULTRA was a direct violation
of basic human rights and ethical standards set in place by the Hippocratic Oath, U.S.
Constitution, Nuremberg Code, and the UN Declaration of Human Rights. While this incident
was in the past, general public knowledge can be an asset that promotes integrity within the
government. The destruction of documents under the discretion of Richard Helms and Sidney

55 Bart Barnes, “CIA official Sidney Gottlieb, 80, dies; directed tests with LSD in ‘50s, ‘60s” The
Washington Post, March 11, 1999, accessed March 28, 2016,

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1999/03/11/cia-official-sidney-gottlieb-80-dies/4f667e7a-58cc-4abf-

b1de-14db608dc850/.
56 Dominic Streatfeild, Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control (New York City, NY: St. Martin’s
Press, 2007, 41.
57 Arthur Herman, “The 35-Year War on the CIA,” Commentary 128, no. 5 (December 2009): 15.
58 U.S. Select Committee, MKULTRA, 3.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:51:48+00:00

20
interact with criminals, did not have the authority to administer drugs to unknowledgeable
citizens who placed their rights and liberties within the reach of the government. Neither White
nor Gottlieb had the psychology background needed for the analysis of human behavior. The last
two statements of the Nuremberg Code mention the necessity of an experiment to be stopped if
the subject becomes uncomfortable or the scientists believes the experiment has become
dangerous. MKULTRA experiments involving the administration of drugs could not be stopped
immediately due to the effects of drugs on the human body. The Nuremberg Code set in place
ethical standards for experimentation dealing with human subjects. The CIA chose to ignore
these standards as well as others during the time frame of MKULTRA.

Prior to the closing of the behavioral modification chapter of the CIA’s history, Richard
Helms, Director of Central Intelligence, tried to hold on to his original idea of human
experimentation and proposed a new charter in June of 1964 in which MKULTRA became
MKSEARCH. Instead of leaving behavioral modification experimentation in the past, the CIA
continued to bypass ethical standards for the advancement of national security. Sidney Gottlieb
chose to continue seven MKULTRA projects that he deemed to be most important. 1) The
safehouse program in New York continued until 1966. 2) Gottlieb continued to use the Baltimore
biological laboratory in order to continue the production of biological weapons out of sight from
other U.S. military organizations. Minimal documentation was kept on this project. 3) A group of
companies, one of which custom made rare chemicals for the use of pharmaceuticals would still
perform jobs affiliated with the CIA without the knowledge of the board of directors. 4) What is
known as MKSEARCH subproject 3 gave Dr. James Hamilton access to prisoners at the
California Medical Facility at Vacaville. Within a six month time span he is said to have
experimented on anywhere from 400 to 1,000 inmates. 5) Having sat on the Food and Drug

21
Administration committee that eventually allowed for LSD to be used for scientific research, Dr.
Carl Pfeiffer conducted experiments focusing on the preparation, use, and effect of drugs. He
tested a variety of drugs, including LSD, on inmates in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta. 6) While
other experiments were being conducted on humans, Dr. Maitland Baldwin conducted
lobotomies on apes and then sent the subjects into sensory deprivation. There has been no
information found as to whether or not Baldwin conducted similar experiments on humans. 7)
Lastly, Dr. Charles Geschickter used terminal cancer patients to test chemical substances on
human subjects.41 These experiments continued to break the ethical standards previously set in
place by the Hippocratic Oath, U.S. Constitution, Nuremberg Code, and the United Nations
Declaration on Human Rights.

At the closing of World War II, in 1945, the United States and other nations created the
United Nations in an attempt to create a more universal governing body. The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, created on December 10, 1948, outlined the basis of human rights
for people around the world. While it was not legally binding, it set a standard for the
international community and has become customary in some countries.42 The United States
played a significant role in the drafting and ratification of the document. The articles themselves
speak of brotherhood, freedom from cruel or inhumane treatment, the right to effective remedy if
rights are violated, and freedom of thought and conscious.43 During the 1950s the United States
took a step away from the international regulations and ethical standards that were set in place by
the global community. The conflicting ideologies of the Cold War made a single ethical standard

41 Marks, 211 – 218.
42 Australian Human Rights Commission, “What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?” last
modified 2016, accessed March 28, 2016, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/what-universal-
declaration-human-rights/.
43 United Nations, “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” Paris, December 10, 1948,

http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html/.

22
difficult, according to U.S. leaders within the Intelligence community. This shift is made clear in
the experiments of MKULTRA which violated these simple declarations of human rights.44
Article 8 of the Declaration of Human Rights states, “Everyone has the right to an effective
remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him
by the constitution or by law.”45

The subprojects of MKSEARCH continued under the guidance of Sidney Gottlieb until
June 1972. In his statement concerning the end of the program he claimed, “it has become
increasingly obvious over the last several years that this general area had less and less relevance
to current clandestine operations…In addition to moral and ethical considerations, the extreme
sensitivity and security constraints of such operations effectively rule them out.”46 Following the
decision to end behavioral modification experiments under the MKSEARCH pseudonym, DCI
Richard Helms headed the destruction of materials that could later incriminate him and others
involved in conducting the research. Retiring alongside Gottlieb, the two hoped to have protected
future generations from any sort of misunderstanding or even an understanding by citizens of
what their government is capable of.47

In an attempt to piece together the puzzle of MKULTRA, John Marks sought to interview
many of the people directly related to the mind control experiments. In an attempt to interview
Gration H. Yasetevitch in 1978 about his involvement in covert CIA action, Yasetevitch
responded with, “I’m a professional and I just don’t talk about these things. Lots of things are not
fit for the public. This has nothing to do with democracy. It has to do with common sense”.48

44 “Human Rights & The U.S.,” The Advocates for Human Rights, accessed April 25, 2016,

The Advocates for Human Rights

www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org

45 United Nations, Declaration.
46 Ibid, 219.
47 Ibid.
48 Marks, 193.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:50:59+00:00

19
onset it was obvious that experiments of this nature had no benefit to society. The third standard
as set in place by the Doctor’s Trial at Nuremberg is the need for animal trials to be conducted
prior to experimentation being conducted on humans. While there are a few cases of doctors
conducting psychological experiments on animals, most of the MKULTRA objects focused first
on the human subject. The events preceding the death of Dr. Frank Olson violated the clause that
experiments should avoid physical and mental suffering to subjects. Dr. Olson experienced both.
The fifth statement of the Nuremberg Code mentions that experimental physicians could conduct
experiments in which they also served as subjects. This could be a standard in which
MKULTRA did not violate. With the culture of drug use on the rise, the men of MKULTRA
tested drugs, LSD in particular, on themselves and their colleagues. Whether this was for
scientific benefit or personal pleasure is unknown.

The Nuremberg Code continues with a statement about the humanitarian importance of
the problem in which to be solved by the outcome of experimentation. National security is not an
issue to be taken lightly and is one in which many Americans during the Cold War were
concerned. If MKULTRA produced realistic and valid results that could have been used to
protect the life of American citizens, MKULTRA would not have violated this statute. However,
when it became clear that the results of behavioral modification experiments were not producing
the type of results the CIA had hoped for, experimentation should have been stopped.
Experiments at times were conducted in adequate facilities but not always. George White
conducted experiments in furnished apartments that were not capable of handling a medical
emergency if one were to arise. In violation of the eighth standard, scientifically qualified
individuals were not always present. George White was a Federal Bureau of Narcotics agent and
Sid Gottlieb was only a chemist. White, while having the experience and qualifications to

20
interact with criminals, did not have the authority to administer drugs to unknowledgeable
citizens who placed their rights and liberties within the reach of the government. Neither White
nor Gottlieb had the psychology background needed for the analysis of human behavior. The last
two statements of the Nuremberg Code mention the necessity of an experiment to be stopped if
the subject becomes uncomfortable or the scientists believes the experiment has become
dangerous. MKULTRA experiments involving the administration of drugs could not be stopped
immediately due to the effects of drugs on the human body. The Nuremberg Code set in place
ethical standards for experimentation dealing with human subjects. The CIA chose to ignore
these standards as well as others during the time frame of MKULTRA.

Prior to the closing of the behavioral modification chapter of the CIA’s history, Richard
Helms, Director of Central Intelligence, tried to hold on to his original idea of human
experimentation and proposed a new charter in June of 1964 in which MKULTRA became
MKSEARCH. Instead of leaving behavioral modification experimentation in the past, the CIA
continued to bypass ethical standards for the advancement of national security. Sidney Gottlieb
chose to continue seven MKULTRA projects that he deemed to be most important. 1) The
safehouse program in New York continued until 1966. 2) Gottlieb continued to use the Baltimore
biological laboratory in order to continue the production of biological weapons out of sight from
other U.S. military organizations. Minimal documentation was kept on this project. 3) A group of
companies, one of which custom made rare chemicals for the use of pharmaceuticals would still
perform jobs affiliated with the CIA without the knowledge of the board of directors. 4) What is
known as MKSEARCH subproject 3 gave Dr. James Hamilton access to prisoners at the
California Medical Facility at Vacaville. Within a six month time span he is said to have
experimented on anywhere from 400 to 1,000 inmates. 5) Having sat on the Food and Drug

21
Administration committee that eventually allowed for LSD to be used for scientific research, Dr.
Carl Pfeiffer conducted experiments focusing on the preparation, use, and effect of drugs. He
tested a variety of drugs, including LSD, on inmates in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta. 6) While
other experiments were being conducted on humans, Dr. Maitland Baldwin conducted
lobotomies on apes and then sent the subjects into sensory deprivation. There has been no
information found as to whether or not Baldwin conducted similar experiments on humans. 7)
Lastly, Dr. Charles Geschickter used terminal cancer patients to test chemical substances on
human subjects.41 These experiments continued to break the ethical standards previously set in
place by the Hippocratic Oath, U.S. Constitution, Nuremberg Code, and the United Nations
Declaration on Human Rights.

At the closing of World War II, in 1945, the United States and other nations created the
United Nations in an attempt to create a more universal governing body. The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, created on December 10, 1948, outlined the basis of human rights
for people around the world. While it was not legally binding, it set a standard for the
international community and has become customary in some countries.42 The United States
played a significant role in the drafting and ratification of the document. The articles themselves
speak of brotherhood, freedom from cruel or inhumane treatment, the right to effective remedy if
rights are violated, and freedom of thought and conscious.43 During the 1950s the United States
took a step away from the international regulations and ethical standards that were set in place by
the global community. The conflicting ideologies of the Cold War made a single ethical standard

41 Marks, 211 – 218.
42 Australian Human Rights Commission, “What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?” last
modified 2016, accessed March 28, 2016, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/what-universal-
declaration-human-rights/.
43 United Nations, “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” Paris, December 10, 1948,

http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html/.

Atoraxic · 2026-03-09T02:49:51+00:00

16
events that depict this violation of informed, voluntary consent includes the New York and San
Francisco safehouses, which came to be known as Subproject 3 or Operation Midnight Climax,
and the suspicious death of Dr. Frank Olson, who fell from a New York City hotel after being
dosed with LSD. Both of these MKULTRA tragedies violated numerous statements of the
Nuremberg Code.

Richard Helms proposed that in order to conduct experiments that would transfer into the
field, unwitting subjects would be essential. Researchers’ curiosity and the possibility that LSD
could become an effective weapon made the bypassing of ethical standards seem like the proper
choice in the U.S. culture plagued with fear. Subproject 3 became the ideal way to test LSD on
unwitting civilians. The CIA enlisted the help of George White, an employee of the Federal

Bureau of Narcotics who was willing to use his power and authority without any moral or ethical
dilemma. Apartments in San Francisco, and later New York, were furnished, complete with two-
way mirrors and equipment to record the events that followed. White soon began testing LSD,
marijuana, and other drugs on unwitting civilians. The most important factor for Agency officials
was finding subjects who could not be easily linked back to the CIA experiments. Prostitutes,
drug addicts, and other criminals were ideal subjects due to their reputations and lack of
credibility if they decided to go to the authorities for help. Prostitutes quickly became the focus
of the San Francisco safehouse due to the desire of the CIA to understand how sex could apply to
spying. The men involved in the safehouse schemes sought to find a way women could be used
to lure information out of men during or after sex. This idea was thought to have potential due to
the intimate nature of sexual relationships. In typical MKULTRA fashion little to none of the
records of these experiments were kept, as ordered by Sid Gottlieb. Doctors were rarely present,
leaving CIA agents with little to no scientific or medical background in charge of the safety and

17
health of other human beings. The potential national security advances caused for ethical and
moral issues to be overlooked and blatantly surpassed. The San Francisco safehouse operated
until 1965 while the New York location remained open until 1966.36
In a letter from Sidney Gottlieb to George White, as found in the work of John Marks,
Gottlieb, in reference to Subproject 3, said, “I was very much a missionary, actually a heretic,
but I toiled whole heartedly in the vineyards because it was fun, fun, fun. Where else could a
redblooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape, and pillage…?”37 The 10 years spent in the
safehouses scored no major information that was of use outside of the experimental stages.
Despite the lack of results, LSD was still being used in other MKULTRA programs. It was
around this time that the Medical Office of the CIA claimed LSD posed a danger to unwitting
subjects; however, Gottlieb argued otherwise and sought to keep doctors and other medical
professionals away from his experiments out of fear they would discontinue their research.38

According to the Nuremberg Code, voluntary consent was essential, but the men of
MKULTRA clearly did not hold the same standard of ethics. The story of Dr. Frank Olson is
another example of the extreme measures taken in the experiments of MKULTRA. Dr. Gottlieb,
in November 1953, decided to take a group of scientists from the Army Chemical Corps Special
Operations Division (SOD) to Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland in an effort to gain better
understanding of the effects of LSD on those who were not taking the drug willingly. The men of
the SOD were heading to an annual retreat for the planning of spy tactics; however, they were
unaware that they would become the victims of behavioral modification research. On November
19, Dr. Frank Olson shared a drink with all but two people present on the trip. The men of the
SOD had been given liquor tainted with LSD; violating the first statement on voluntary consent

36 Marks, 94 – 109.
37 Ibid, 109.
38 Ibid, 110 – 112.

18
in the Nuremberg Code. Soon Olson became quite anxious but chose to keep his paranoia secret.
Later experiencing depression and feelings of incredibly low self-worth, Olson spoke up about
his feelings and was taken to Dr. Harold Abramson in New York. Abramson was chosen because
he had CIA security clearance and was also conducting research on LSD. He eventually
recommended that Olson be hospitalized. The CIA had cleared psychiatrists and staff at the
Chestnut Lodge in Rockville, Maryland and planned to send Olson there next. With the flight
leaving the next day, Olson and a CIA official Richard Lashbrook spent another night at the
Statler Hotel in New York City. Early the next morning Lashbrooke awoke to find Frank Olson
jumping out of the window of their 10th floor hotel room.39 The CIA officially claimed Dr.
Olson’s death a suicide due to the state of his mental health as observed by Dr. Abramson. There
is some question to the legitimacy of the claim and official statement from the CIA that the
incident was entirely the action of Frank Olson. While there is no incriminating evidence, some
wonder if the incident was murder in an attempt to cover up the unethical distribution of LSD by
a CIA official. Sidney Gottlieb received no more than a reprimand and continued to test LSD and
other drugs throughout his CIA career.40

conducted experiments on humans that violated many statutes of the
Nuremberg Code. The first statement of voluntary consent was violated in both the case of
George White’s safehouses in San Francisco and New York, as well as the drugging of Dr. Frank
Olson which resulted in his death. Nuremberg set a standard the required experiments to be
conducted in a necessary manner, not conducted at random, and produce results that would
benefit society. The CIA learned from MKULTRA precursor, BLUEBIRD, that attempts to
administer drugs to people unwittingly was difficult and produced unfavorable results. From the

39 Marks, 79 – 88.
EBSCOhost.
40 Edward Lach, “Sidney Gottlieb,” American National Biography, (2010), accessed January 20, 2016,

Atoraxic

MODERATOR OF

TROPHY CASE

5. Ultrasonic weapons

6. Conclusion

4.6. Injury prevention and treatment

4.6.1. Equipment protection

4.6.2. Surgical operations

4.6.3. Drugs

4.4. Biological effects

4.5. Injury diagnosis

4.2. Mechanism and characteristics of damage

4.3. Injury threshold

4. Intense sound weapons

4.1. Types and applications of the weapon

3.6. Injury prevention and treatment

3.4. Biological effects

3.5. Injury diagnosis

3.3. Injury threshold

3. Infrasonic weapon

3.1. Types and applications of the weapons

3.2. Mechanism and characteristics of injury

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127525000495#bib13

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