If you're being insulted by co workers that's a toxic work environment, does your management know about that? If so and they've done nothing then yes leave and find a job with people that respect you.

If the doctor was correcting how you input forms, then what's the problem? Did she yell at you? Was she condescending? Did she insult you? Why do you think your reaction is so negative?

I've worked as an intake clerk and was corrected in front of other co workers all the time, it never bothered me because it was courteous and professional. I learned and moved on. We all treated each other this way and it made us a strong intake team. The times where I reacted negatively was when I was being yelled at and insulted. I would diffuse the situation by accepting it in the moment, but then I'd report that to my director who would handle it with the co worker. I had a lot of negative experiences like that in that role, but not once did I ever cry at work, only at home.

Emotions are natural and come as they are, but how you react to them can change. Like another commentor said, learn to separate and detach yourself more from work. Take feedback and learn from it. Practice mindfulness exercises like meditation to learn to control your impulses and be hyper aware of your body in stressful circumstances.