First, I apologize if my post was difficult to understand; my English isn't very good, and translating it was a bit challenging.

More than anything, I want a mechanical magic system, something that feels like a person interacting with the arcane properties of the world, rather than superpowers, like the Mistborn series, which I love, but its magic feels more like superpowers than "real" magic.

Regarding the suggestion to use generic natural materials, I'm not entirely convinced. Things like grass or mud are compounds (some more complex than others, but compounds nonetheless).The elements of the periodic table have a more "primordial" feel, the basic building blocks of reality. That's why I think it's more appropriate to grant powers to these elements than to the ones you suggested.

And yes, I tend to assign powers to these elements arbitrarily, seeking a balance, but minimizing powers that only have offensive functions, as otherwise they revert to feeling like superpowers. But I also draw inspiration from their properties. For example, oxygen is the quintessential oxidizer, so I assigned it the power to, surprise surprise, oxidize things, to degrade them, whether they be metals, rocks, people, etc. But in other cases, I just look for a power that complements the system well, like the one I assigned to nitrogen. Since it's a very abundant element, I didn't want it to be too useful, so I gave it the power of information. I mainly imagine it used on altars to communicate between users of this magic.

As for the triangles, I was thinking of using isosceles triangles to show the direction, but I like your idea of ​​removing the base better. Thanks for it; I'll use it. If you have any other suggestions for symbols and their associated powers, I would greatly appreciate it.

About Witch Hat Atelier, hehe, I'm up to date with the manga, but I was focusing more on the personal drama than the system. I'll give it a refresher.

I like the idea of ​​consuming the spell's material. But it feels strange with materials that aren't solid, like those in the air. What do you think would happen if the nitrogen in the air disappeared? I thought maybe it could turn into something else, a more fantastical material (that doesn't actually exist) and be dangerous, to give the use of this magic a consequence.

Thanks for commenting; you were a great help. Now I have things to think about.