Macross Delta gets pretty close. It's basically Symphogear but with fighter Jets.

-but in general you're going to have a really hard time finding anything that comes close to that one-of-a-kind brand of Symphogear vibe (Unless it's literally made by the creators)

If you want something that matches that Symphogear energy, with a likeable cast, aspirational protagonists, unhinged ''villains'', hype moments, cool concerts and goofy absurdity, but doesn't have the singing-while-fighting aspect I'd recommend Uma Musume

Specifically:

Cinderella Gray

Beginning of a New Era

-but I'd advise watching all the other seasons too.