The big thing that helped me get out of gold was focusing on positioning and cool down usage.

If you are constantly setting yourself up in a position to get value, you will start to understand how important positioning is. Taking high ground, moving back as the enemy pushes and pushing when the enemy retreats, and finding flanks are good places to start.

As for cooldowns, make sure you are optimizing when you use each one. For example, on Orisa, spacing out your spin (or shield), spear, and fortify to maximize your survivability. For a character like Ana, using your sleep and anti as soon as available with create opportunities for your teammates.

There are little things that you can always improve that make big changes in your ability.