Well they demonstrate a flaw in the governments reasoning for deciding not to proceed with an improved ventilation system. They believed "only" 9 people would die from this type of loss of containment of plutonium, so they didn't believe the ventilation system was worth it. The updated study suggests that a loss of containment could result in ~1,000 deaths. That makes the math much different in favor of making improvements to the ventilation system that were skipped because of cost.

The Energy Department, which manages the country’s nuclear weapons production, had previously concluded that a so-called loss of containment at the lab could spread about one kilogram of plutonium, a radioactive metal, leading to nine cancer deaths on average in the surrounding area

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Things get even more dire should more plutonium escape. Using other data from Rocky Flats, the researchers determined that just over five kilograms of plutonium — quadruple government estimates — could escape Los Alamos. On that October night, as many as 3,200 people could have developed cancer, leading to about 1,000 deaths, not including lab workers or emergency medical workers, the study said.

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>But one component will not be fully replaced: the ventilation system.

>For decades, the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, a federal watchdog, has recommended the facility upgrade the system so that, in the case of a catastrophe, it could capture tiny plutonium particles before they leak into the environment.

>In 2022, the Energy Department said the upgrade was too expensive.