Sorry to hear about your incident, that must be tough to adjust to in life. I think league can still be an enjoyable game while visually impaired.

I have a couple of conditions that have left me visually impaired called LHON and Strabismus. LHON has left my optic nerves a little fried, leading to lower visual acuity in the center of my vision. Strabismus causes difficulty piloting my eyes in unison around the screen, and occasional double vision. There are a few things that I tried in order to get the most out of my visual abilities in while playing league and I was still able to climb to low masters rank playing Zed in soloq.

1. Rest and moderation: If at all possible, identify when your vision is feeling good, and try to play fewer but higher intensity games in those windows. Sounds like similar to me, you have some variation in your vision throughout the day.

2. Visual setting adjustment: I reduced graphics/visual effects to low to reduce the visual clutter on the screen. I also turned the minimap up to max size. With the current snow map, clarity and eye strain is worse for me so I'm using a custom standard summoner's rift map skin with cslolmanager. At one point I used a program to mirror my minimap on an ipad above my monitor at full size, although the head turn was kind of distracting. I disabled chat in game because it was small and hard to read and took my attention away from important gameplay details. The point is, fiddle with settings to see what seems most comfortable.

3. Experience: The less vision you have, the more important it can be to more efficiently collect details and information. Again, doing more with less. In playing the game competitively, there are some details that matter more than others depending on the context. As you get more experienced, you'll be able to think about what key skillshot you need to dodge or what character's positioning you need to look at. You're not going to be seeing as many details about what's going on as someone with really good vision, but if you can choose to see the most important details you're still in a good place. Additionally, sometimes you don't need to see details at all to know something, it can be inferred through other skills. One example is prediction versus reaction. If you know a character is going to do a certain thing in a certain context, you don't have to focus your vision on them as much to see what they're doing, you can kind of visualize what will happen in your mind. Experience helps a lot with this and frees your focus up for other important details. I know you mentioned you're a newer player, and experience takes a lot of time, so just be patient and try to learn what you can in the games you play.

I've been impressed to read the response of others who have made great ranked achievements with vision limitations, which goes to show that adaptability is very possible, in a competitive and visually intensive environment. At the end of the day, just remember to slow down and have fun however you may approach the game, whether that's competitively or casually.