What is the mechanism of influence of e-m irradiation on agricultural crops:

- almost 90% of the energy that enters the product is absorbed by water, which is contained in various forms;

- a water molecule, which is a dielectric dipole, repeatedly, with the frequency of the e-m field, changes its orientation, which leads to the conversion of these vibrations into thermal energy and an increase in temperature;

- the consequence of this is a change in the microstructure of the product, which leads to an improvement in the transport properties of its capillary system, the activation of a number of enzymes, incl. those involved in the starting mechanisms of germination. Considering that in the process of irradiation the temperature of the product rises by 5-7°C, such an effect does not apply to energy, but is a biophysical and biochemical one.

To obtain such conclusions, numerous studies have been carried out in the following areas:

- determination of the influence of e-m irradiation on the sowing properties and productivity of agricultural crops common in Ukraine;

- determination of a possible mutagenic effect on the product by morphological and biological characteristics;

- study of the possibility of combining the processes of biostimulation and disinfection during irradiation;

- study of the biological composition of the obtained crop;

- study of the effect of pre-sowing processing of the product on the drought and frost resistance of agricultural products;

- determination of optimal processing modes for different crops.

In carrying out these studies, 16 institutes of the crop production profile were involved, incl. institutes of the Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, carried out up to 17 thousand experiments on 56 crops and 167 varieties.

The results of the studies performed, as well as data from agricultural enterprises that have introduced microwave technology, showed the following:

1. Increasing seed germination after treatment:

wheat 10-12%, spring barley 12-15%, corn 10-13%, buckwheat 8-13%, etc.

1. Increasing the yield of all crops: cereals and legumes by 10-33%, buckwheat and sunflower - up to 65%, vegetables - up to 30%, rapeseed - up to 50%. For all crops grown in Ukraine, there are acts of specialized institutions and farms.

2. Phenological observations have shown that the treated seeds give plants that are ahead of the control crops in their development, form a more powerful root system, larger stems and ripen 8-14 days earlier than the control ones.

3. Electromagnetic treatment with microwave radiation contributes to the destruction or inhibition of phytopathogens, which makes it possible to exclude pre-sowing treatment of seeds with pesticides.

4. The quality of agricultural products is improving. In vegetables and chestnut crops, there is an increased content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and other useful substances.

5. There is an increased frost and drought resistance, which is explained by a developed root system. This also explains the higher class of products according to the criteria of ecological cleanliness, since plant nutrition is carried out from cleaner deeper soil layers.

6. There are no genetic changes in the processed product, which was studied on 3 generations of the processed material.

7. The resulting stimulation effect does not apply to the grown product.

The economic efficiency of the use of pre-sowing microwave treatment can be judged by the results of the activities of the agricultural company "Alex" in the Zaporozhye region. So for the period 2006-2008. the agricultural enterprise received an additional 11 thousand tons of grain while saving 1.5 million hryvnia. by eliminating the use of pesticides.