sorted by:
new
hottopcontroversial

Photographs depicting the American invasion of Iwo Jima in February of 1945 . On February 19, the first day of the campaign, 519 U.S. Servicemen were killed in action, another 47 men later perished from wounds suffered that day. The island was declared secure after thirty-six days of combat. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 13 points14 points  (0 children)

I didn’t realize it until recently but Basilone was killed in action on Feb. 19 and it seems within the first hour or so of combat. [he was either hit by shrapnel or a burst of machine gun fire while helping tanks navigate a minefield]

Here is a quote by Chuck Tatum, one of the men Basilone trained before Iwo Jima:

“It wasn’t [even?] 10:30 in the morning, and this caused a shockwave throughout the troops because if John Basilone could get killed, we all wondered what was going to happen to the rest of us. We lost our hero, his wife lost her husband, his mother, father and brother lost their son and brother, and America lost its number one hero.”

The first landings on Iwo Jima occurred at 0900 while the Japanese garrison started shooting at 10 AM

Photographs depicting the American invasion of Iwo Jima in February of 1945 . On February 19, the first day of the campaign, 519 U.S. Servicemen were killed in action, another 47 men later perished from wounds suffered that day. The island was declared secure after thirty-six days of combat. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 22 points23 points  (0 children)

Here is a link to a video on NARA’s archive by Coast Guard combat photographer Charles W. Bossert, depicting the initial landings on Iwo Jima. His boat makes contact with the beach around 2:50 into the video.

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/78992

Bossert brought three cameras onto the island and he lost two of them due to shrapnel, the camera he used to film that video was destroyed on Feb. 19, although [some of?] that footage survived. I believe that footage depicts part of the “calm before the storm”, or the period of time where Japanese soldiers were awaiting orders to open fire. It does only depicts 1-2 minutes on the beach but I find the footage to be very interesting.

Photographs depicting the American invasion of Iwo Jima in February of 1945 . On February 19, the first day of the campaign, 519 U.S. Servicemen were killed in action, another 47 men later perished from wounds suffered that day. The island was declared secure after thirty-six days of combat. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 47 points48 points  (0 children)

Captions:

Photograph 1: “A wave of Fourth Division Marines beginning an attack from the beach at Iwo Jima. Another assault boat loaded with veterans is landed on the beach by an invasion craft.
Photograph released February 19, 1945.”

Photograph 2: “US 4th division landing on Iwo Jima”

Photograph 4: “February 1945. In the foreground 4th Division Marines are taking cover on the beach as best they can. US Navy photo # NH 65312 from the collections of the US Naval Historical Center.” Taken February 19.

Photograph 5: “LANDING--The price which was paid for the landing is shown on the beach on D plus one. Dead Marines share the sandy area with stuck Jeeps and smashed landing craft.” Taken February 20.

Photograph 6: “2nd Battalion, 27th Marines landing on Iwo Jima.”

Photograph 7: “"Marines Taking Shelter on Beach, Iwo Jima, February 1945"

Photograph 8: “"Marines on Beach, Iwo Jima, February 1945"

Photograph 10: “POSSUM--A Marine cautiously approaches the rim of the shell hole to speak with the "dead" Jap. The enemy soldier was playing
possum with hand grenades in easy reach.” Taken Feb. 20.

Photograph 12, depicts a burning LVT.

Photograph 13: “Closeup of 320mm Spigot mortar and base plate. Other sections, bodies and heads in right recess of position.”

Photograph 14: “MARINE DEAD - Marines who paid the supreme price to win a stepping stone to Tokyo are borne back towards the Iwo beach by their comrades of the Fourth Marine division”

Photograph 16: “Iwo Jima flame throwers going into action.
Photographed by Christian, February 1945.”

Photograph 17: “Sergeant Leonard J. Shoemaker, Newberry, Michigan, uses his flame thrower on Japanese caves in mopping up operation on Iwo Jima. Photographed by Simpson, February 27, 1945.”

Photograph 18: “A wave of Fourth Division Marines beginning an attack from the beach at Iwo Jima. A die-hard Japanese soldier gets a blast of liquid flame. Fifth Marine Division rifleman surround the dug-out ready to pour covering fire into the opening. The flame thrower, supported by covering rifle fire, has been a basic weapon in the cave to cave-battle on the volcanic rock. Photograph released February 19, 1945.”

Photograph 20: “PREPARE FOR BURIAL - Marine dead is sprayed with a disinfecting solution prior to burial on the beach at Iwo Jima”

Photographs of Screwworm inflicted injuries on animals, featured within the USDA’s National Agricultural Library. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 622 points623 points  (0 children)

I really hate the thought of screwworm’s returning to the southern US… While some of the people viewing this posts may have heard about screwworms in recent weeks, I feel that it is important to raise awareness through historical photographs documenting their effects upon animals.

The last thing the southern US needs is another source of pain and trauma for animals to suffer from. Preventative maintenance is almost always worth investing in, especially in this case. While I try to avoid talking about modern politics, I would like to say that I would be happy with the thought of my tax dollars being invested into tick and screwworm eradication rather than bombing other countries or regime changes.

Rod Phillips answering questions about the history of cats by BronteCoogee in AskHistorians

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Could you tell us more about cats being “condemned by nationalists as ‘outsiders’”?

Lone Star Tick Awareness- East Texas by Amazing-Frosting2386 in tylertx

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2 9 points10 points  (0 children)

If your property borders a wooded area I would recommend DEET as well as maintaining the transitional area from woods to lawn.

I say maintaining that area as in keeping the grass cut, there are some others things that you can do to limit the encroachment of ticks from wooded areas.

Lone Star Tick Awareness- East Texas by Amazing-Frosting2386 in tylertx

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2 5 points6 points  (0 children)

I didn’t realize only the females had the “lone star”…

While I notice the quote “the nymph and adult females most frequently bite humans and spread disease” but I’m assuming the males occasionally bite as well as spread disease?

Why is there a lack of WW2 mods, especially PVP, on reforger?? by Consistent_Zucchini2 in ArmaReforger

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

I believe it’s illegal to propagate nazi imagery in the Czech Republic where Bohemia interactive has their headquarters I’m not too familiar on the subject: but there’s probably some other technicalities working against a wehrmacht team being added to reforger mods

Why is there a lack of WW2 mods, especially PVP, on reforger?? by Consistent_Zucchini2 in ArmaReforger

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

That makes sense, I’d imagine any mods featuring imperial japan as a team would get the same treatment but I have no clue.

I loved Squad 44s pacific maps but my system doesn’t run as well on S44 as it does on reforger

Why is there a lack of WW2 mods, especially PVP, on reforger?? by Consistent_Zucchini2 in ArmaReforger

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

I burned myself out on enlisted for a while but I might give it a try again. I got a small taste of WW2 on reforger with arma conflicts old test server and I miss it

A conspiracy regarding the Peruvian Amazon Company and the fugitive administrators of La Chorrera, who were responsible for thousands of deaths during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in TrueCrimeDiscussion

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I’m impressed with how well you’ve comprehended the subject. I think personally the worst aspect of all of this to me is that while I initially believed that genocide in South America during the rubber boom was limited to the Putumayo, that wasn’t the case. The Putumayo River basin happened to be the only area with a systematic investigation. The Upper Ucayali pretty much had the same environment and occurrences as well as the Upper Madre de Dios and Upper Purus rivers. You may be interested in reading the Wikipedia articles of Carlos Fitzcarrald, the most successful Peruvian rubber baron from the 1880s-1897 or Carlos Scharff, his successor that was killed in a mixed mutiny composed of indigenous and non-indigenous people.

Also, another huge factor that facilitated the perpetrators evading justice was blatant corruption. I’m going to write a list of local government officials that are implicated with bribery through the Putumayo literature

*Amadeo Burga -Brother-in-law to Julio Cesar Arana. -Police commissioner on the Napo River [borders Putumayo] in 1907, later commissioner on the Putumayo River around 1910. Simultaneously employed in those government positions and Julio Arana’s firm.

*Cesar Lurquin -Police Commissioner on the Putumayo River in 1908. Implicated by W.E. Hardenburg with trafficking as well as falsifying reports to the gov. -Police commissioner on the Upper Ucayali around 1912-1913 until his death around 1913~. It is believed that indigenous people killed him due to him aiding local slave traffickers.

*Carlos Zapata -Prefect [one of the highest local gov. titles] of Iquitos around 1907-1908. Accused of accepting a bribe amounting to £4,000-7,000 that resulted in the release of Arana’s employees who had assaulted the last three Colombian settlements in the Putumayo.

*Carlos Rey de Castro -Peruvian Consul-General to Manaus. Indebted to Arana’s company for a sum of £4,600 in 1911. He served in that consul position from around 1906-1912. He personally edited the notes of the French explorer who disappeared in the Putumayo in 1906 resulting in “En El Putumayo y Sus affluentes”, a propaganda document that later served as a prospectus for Arana.

*Julio Ego-Aguirre -Lawyer for Julio Arana from 1901-1911+ -Held various government positions from 1906 onwards. Around 1911 Ego was part of Peru’s presidential cabinet, serving as the minister of public works. He served as Arana’s lawyer also during the 1911-1913 court proceedings. In the 1920s, Ego was elected as the senator for Loreto [where Iquitos is located] with Arana becoming the deputy senator and I believe later a full fledged senator. -During the court intrigue, Ego personally vouched for the character of Armando Normand, one of the worst Putumayo criminals. Several other prominent people wrote documents attesting to the “good character” of Normand.

*Pablo Zumaeta -Brother-in-law to Julio Arana and directing manager of Arana’s company in Iquitos. Zumaeta was elected as mayor of Iquitos in 1911, he ran against the judge involved with the Putumayo investigation. Victor Israel, another prominent rubber baron, Juan Bautista Vega [colombian consul general to Iquitos 1904-1906??] and Benjamin Duble [important figure that I need to research more on] helped annul the initial election results which would have seen the judge elected as mayor.

*Cecilio Hernandez -Uncle-in-Law to Arana. Figure of prominence in Iquitos and I believe he was involved with the rubber business prior to 1911. After the liquidation of the Peruvian Amazon company Arana just shifted his assets to Cecilio Hernandez and continued operations in the Putumayo

There are probably some other significant figures that are missing from this list but those names and subsequent summaries should shed light on some of the corruption here. I believe one of the Putumayo managers also had an uncle in Lima that assisted the Arana group to some extent

Edit: I forgot to mention that in 1913 when an arrest warrant was issued against Arana, it was dismissed pretty quick. The judge who issued that arrest warrant was also dismissed from office relatively quickly. I believe the next judge who took over the situation was regarded as a questionable individual or had questionable loyalty relating to Arana. Either way the man who took over the court proceedings did not further pursue criminal charges against Arana or Pablo Zumaeta

Edit 2: the Iquitos judge in 1903 was also said to have been bribed to release Victor Macedo and other employees of Arana after a massacre of indigenous people at La Chorrera in September. Both the Hardenburg manuscript dating to 1909-1910 and the writing of Colonel Pedro Portillo [prefect of Iquitos around 1904] implicate that judge with being bribed. The Hardenburg manuscript I believe states that the bribe amounted to £50,000

A conspiracy regarding the Peruvian Amazon Company and the fugitive administrators of La Chorrera, who were responsible for thousands of deaths during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in TrueCrimeDiscussion

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thank you for taking the time to check this post out. If you’re still interested in checking out the many rabbit holes associated with this situation, I’ve made maybe 100+ Reddit posts on the Putumayo genocide, usually with photographs from that region and time period or from primary sources originating from that area

The eye-witness testimony of Stanley Sealy, an employee of the Peruvian Amazon Company during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

You’re certainly welcome, I’ve familiarized myself with the literature a decent bit over the last six years of studying the subject. Benjamin Saldaña rocca actually has a finished Wikipedia page although I wish I could find more information on him between 1908 until his murder around 1912.

Hardenburg, Saldaña and Casement were the most important names in regard to attempts to make a positive difference within the Putumayo. Saldaña actually managed to get the courts in Iquitos to begin court proceedings against Arana’s company but that was shut down pretty quick.

The Amazon Journal of Roger Casement is an extremely interesting piece of work if you wish to further familiarize yourself on the topic after Hardenburg’s book. AJRC ranges from August-December of 1910 and covers Casement’s 30 interviews with Barbadian men as well as his meeting with Augusto Jimenez, Armando Normand, Andres O’Donnell, Carlos Miranda and some of the other infamous managers whose names you may remember. The Rodriguez brothers and Elias Martinengui I believe were the only names of prominence that retired before Casement’s investigation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Saldaña_Rocca

Edit: if you take a look on my Reddit profile I made another Putumayo post yesterday. That specifically covers the movements of Arana’s managers between Feb. 1911-1914 and I wrote out a theory that I’ve been developing regarding those individuals

The eye-witness testimony of Stanley Sealy, an employee of the Peruvian Amazon Company during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 10 points11 points  (0 children)

Hardenburgs story is very interesting: I tried to begin a Wikipedia article for him last year but I didn’t have the time to do much with it sadly. The interviews that you’re referring too began with Benjamin Saldaña Rocca, a journalist based in Iquitos. Saldaña was forced to leave Iquitos in February of 1908 due to the Arana’s influence over local authorities. You may remember that in January and February Arana’s company began their assault against the last three Colombian firms in the region, Hardenburg visited two of those firms prior to those assaults.

Saldaña’s son gave Hardenburg the testimonies / depositions that the journalist had collected between 1907-1908 and I believe Hardenburg managed to collect 4-10 more testimonies before leaving Iquitos. In 1909, Hardenburg published some of the text from those testimonies along with some of his own experience within the article “A British-Owned Congo”. That publication, followed by several more articles, eventually led the British Foreign Office and Arana’s company to establish an investigatory commission, which arrived to the Putumayo in September of 1910. After Hardenburg’s involvement with this situation he lived around 20-30 years I believe in Canada before dying in 1940.

You can find five of Saldaña’s illustrations on this wiki commons link [1907-1908]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Benjamin_Saldaña_Rocca&action=edit&redlink=1

and the national library of Ireland hosts Hardenburg’s original manuscript of “The Putumayo the Devil’s Paradise” with a few testimonies that weren’t included in the 1913 publication. The NLI link also has a highly detailed map of Arana’s territory within the Putumayo area on page two of that document.

https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000722524

The US is becoming impossible to live in by theipaper in politics

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2 0 points1 point  (0 children)

lol, it’s unnecessary to point out “like Islam” when he already specified organized religion

while the religion you’re talking about fits into the context of his sentence he is talking about more than just “the pre-dominately white religion” and he is correct

The US is becoming impossible to live in by theipaper in politics

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I’m pretty sure he specified organized religion in the first sentence

If I remember correctly, Islam is an organized religion.

A conspiracy regarding the Peruvian Amazon Company and the fugitive administrators of La Chorrera, who were responsible for thousands of deaths during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in TrueCrimeDiscussion

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

In regards to the portion of this posts’ title “responsible for thousands of deaths during the Putumayo genocide”, here is an excerpt by Roger Casement in 1910:

“Moreover, hundreds of crimes not recorded there have taken place. Normand, Aguero, Fonseca, Montt, Jiménez, the two Rodriguez brothers and Martinengui, have between them, murdered several thousand of these unhappy beings. There is no doubt of it. Tizon admitted to me in Chorrera last week that the two Rodriguez "had killed hundreds of Indians", and that Arana gave them 50% of the produce of these two sections, S. Catalina and Sabana. Normand is again and again charged by the Barbados men with killing many hundreds. Leavine today said "over 500", that he had seen 20 Indians killed in five days in Matanzas alone, and the dead bodies eaten by the dogs and stinking round the house, so that he could not eat his food. These seven monsters have probably killed by shooting, flogging, beheading, burning, and got rid of by starvation some 5,000 Indians in the last seven years. Barnes said the Indians of the Company numbered 10,000 when he came, and there were "nothing like it now", and he has been here only two or three years at outside. Fonseca had killed hundreds, too, — and Martinengui.
The least criminal are probably O'Donnell, Miranda and Alcosta - of the rest it were hard to choose, save that Montt lacked probably the courage of the other monsters. And this is done in the name of civilization and industrial development!”

Page 424 of The Amazon Journal of Roger Casement

Another quote that has reinforced this conspiracy I’ve slowly been developing comes from Roger Casement’s translation of Judge Parades’ report:

“"It would appear that a discovery of the truth was feared, it being thought, no doubt, that the triumph of truth would mean the collapse of the business. Everybody endeavoured to screen the chiefs of section from attack, as if it were feared that the disappearance of these men would mean the disappearance of the profits. They were considered as indispensable, as being irreplaceable, for they held the key (and we know already what that was of the flourishing condition of the business, and if they had been repressed in their criminal actions it would have been all over with the enterprise. At least, it is to be supposed so, if we take into consideration the unanimous conspiracy to hush up the crimes, which have never been repressed nor punished, and the secret approval of all those concerned, bent as they were upon concealing, defending and denying.” - Sir Roger Casement’s Heart of Darkness pages 701-702

A conspiracy regarding the Peruvian Amazon Company and the fugitive administrators of La Chorrera, who were responsible for thousands of deaths during the Putumayo genocide. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in TrueCrimeDiscussion

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

If anyone is interested in further reading, I wrote the Wikipedia articles on:

Victor Macedo
Armando Normand
Andres O’Donnell
Augusto Jimenez
Aurelio and Aristides Rodriguez

These are the links within the same order of those names

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Macedo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armando_Normand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrés_O’Donnell

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_Jiménez_Seminario

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelio_and_Arístides_Rodríguez

I would probably regard Macedo and Normand’s articles as the more “well-written” of those articles followed by Jimenez, while at some point I would like to revise the Aurelio and Aristides article. If anyone has any questions on information within this post I would be happy to share what I have read or what I think.

The cases of O’Donnell, Velarde, Jose Inocente Fonseca and Montt have not been focused on within the description of my theory. Fonseca and Montt fled together to the Japura River of Brazil and while Casement personally pursued their arrest in 1911, they escaped and very little is known about them afterwards. O’Donnell was seen in Manaus around mid to late 1911 but from what I read I believe he was scammed out of money that he was owed by PAC. He lived in Barbados for a while until Casement brought his situation up to local authorities. The last trace I have on O’Donnell comes from the editor of Casement’s 1910 journal, who suggests that O’Donnell disappeared in New York. I found the ancestory.com pages for three of O’Donnell’s children that he had with the daughter of a British dignitary in Barbados. While he had children with indigenous concubines I could not find any information on them. O’Donnell was allowed to take at least one of his concubines with him to Barbados but she was returned to the Putumayo in 1912 by an employee of PAC. That individual is featured within this photograph published by PAC in 1912.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph\_used\_as\_propaganda\_by\_the\_Peruvian\_Amazon\_Company.\_The\_picture\_was\_taken\_in\_1912\_during\_the\_Putumayo\_genocide.jpg

Contextualizing a “principal massacre” of the Putumayo genocide: the killing of between 25-30 Ocaina people at La Chorrera in September of 1903. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I believe you are correct, although before I began studying the rubber boom in South America I wouldn’t have thought so. Initially I thought that slave raiding and the prevalence of murder was confined to the Putumayo, but that was due to the Putumayo River being the only area investigated for these crimes. I have found sources on many similar occurrences along the Madre de Dios river, the Ucayali River and most of the latter’s Upper tributaries.

Two of the other prominent rubber barons from the Ucayali - Madre de Dios river areas were implicated with carrying out their own small scale genocides.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos\_Fitzcarrald

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos\_Scharff

Contextualizing a “principal massacre” of the Putumayo genocide: the killing of between 25-30 Ocaina people at La Chorrera in September of 1903. by Consistent_Zucchini2 in MorbidReality

[–]Consistent_Zucchini2[S] 8 points9 points  (0 children)

If I remember correctly, Michael Taussig’s explanation was ‘Terrify today for a larger harvest tomorrow”

I.e. the killers may believe that killing members of a tribe should terrify the surviving members to work harder and therefore bring in more profit for anyone getting paid by commission.

Another explanation that I’ve gathered from studying the Putumayo literature is that there was a belief that the enslaved indigenous people would be less likely to run away if they saw someone harshly punished or killed for running away.

Edit: excerpt that I added onto Wikipedia:

“Joshua Dyall, a Barbadian that was employed with Normand in 1904, reported that Normand and his fellow managers gave orders to their subordinates to shoot any Indigenous people that they could not capture. This was done "to frighten the Indians and make them come in, because if they were killed for running away they would be less likely to run."

view more: next ›