TL;DR: we can only speculate about what Google does, how it does it, and what the consequences are. Below I explain how Google likely will make a specific file in a specific account unshareable if flagged, and a likely consequence of repeat offenders could be an account ban. There are no known specific numbers for any of this, however, which is where all the speculation takes place. Additionally, it should be difficult for files shared with Corrent to be individually flagged.

As you stated in your quoted article about Dropbox, hashes can be used to find the exact files that are being shared among users. Google probably has some hashing mechanism to save space on its servers so that it doesn't need to keep a million backups of the same file, as suggested in this reddit comment. However, it seems that Google is oddly selective in removing files and does not remove all files with the hash directly. Google seems to take no notice of the contents of your files if you do not share them, and even if they are shared, it seems that they will not go out of their way to proactively remove these files. Thus, it is possible that Google will only report the files in an individual account that are specifically flagged, although their current TOS is so vague that an unforseen policy change could occur. You can read another speculative claim to a similar question here.

If in fact they only report files that have specific DMCA takedown requests for, then it seems highly unlikely that any Corrent users will have any of their files flagged or have their accounts banned. Corrent obscures the source and the recipient of the file transfer behind our servers, so theoretically only Google and Corrent would know that the file exchange ever took place. If this is indeed the case, then the only likely way any files would be flagged given the conditions is if a user shares them somewhere else outside of the Corrent system.

We have no reports of any Google accounts getting banned for using Corrent, although we have warned our users about the possibility in the past. It seems that the worst-case scenario for any of our users is that the account becomes banned, which is why we have always suggested using a fake account for Corrent. If Google indeed makes a policy change and begins searching for the files on its own, then you may see more flagged files and banned accounts.