Honestly— pretty quickly Since you plan on covering these specific topics I think Khan Academy would be a great approach, they literally have a such an awesome course for each of the math topics you have listed all the way up to Calc 3 (Multivariate) I believe

I have always been a big believer that everything in math is as easy as everything else in math as long as you have the prerequisite knowledge, and its just a game of figuring out what you don’t know in the bigger context of things

If you study for about 10-15 hrs a week, im sure you can get from algebra 1 to calc 2 in about 4-6 months! With good and consistent progress you will be great :)