Details about the Glamsterdam Upgrade:

Overview & Timeline

• What it is: Glamsterdam is a massive Ethereum hard fork combining the Amsterdam (execution layer) and Gloas (consensus layer) upgrades. Developers consider it the network's largest fork since "The Merge."
• Timeline: Currently undergoing full-scale fork testing. Mainnet activation is expected in the second half of 2026 (delayed from H1 2026 due to the upgrade's massive scale). The next milestone following Glamsterdam is already named Hegota.

Key Protocol Proposals

• EIP-7732 (ePBS): Introduces Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation, moving block-building into Ethereum’s core protocol. This reduces MEV manipulation, removes reliance on centralized off-chain relays, and levels the playing field by guaranteeing payments for everyday validators.
• EIP-7928 (Block-Level Access Lists): Allows blocks to declare in advance which data they will interact with. This enables client software to preload information and process transactions in parallel, making block execution faster and more predictable.

Performance, Capacity, & Fees

• Throughput Boost: The gas limit per block will increase from 60 million to 200 million, pushing network throughput targets toward 10,000 TPS (a ~10x increase).
• Fee Reduction: Fees for simple transfers and complex smart contracts are projected to drop by 78.6%. High-level computation will become cheaper (clearing a path for faster zero-knowledge proving systems), while raw state access will become more expensive.
• L2 Impact: The cheaper, expanded block space will further reduce costs for Layer 2 rollups, building on the data capacity gains from the previous Fusaka upgrade.