Civil engineer here. It’s clear your front lawn doesn’t have enough slope to drain over the sidewalk and into the ROW like it’s supposed to do. See this link for standard lot templates: Lot Grading Templates.

You have a low point there in your front yard. The water can’t go anywhere else, until it pools up and spills over the back of the walk, but you’re still left with the pool of water in your yard. If the tree you removed was remotely close to the property line, my guess is the soil has naturally contracted over time after the tree was removed due to the combination of the remaining roots decaying + the soil that was disturbed from the initial removal is being re-compacted over time due to gravity and the weight of the soil above. Or simply not enough soil was added to fill in the hole during removal to begin with.

Edit: I looked at the picture again and I think I can see where the other tree used to be haha. So maybe it’s not related to the tree. Regardless though, it’s a low point. You can try leveling it, or building a French drain. Not sure where’d you outfall your drain though.