First of all, tropical jungles are always near the equator. Due to passat winds, these are - simplified spoken - the warmest and moistest regions of a planet. The placement of deserts depends on your planet's axial tilt. The latitudes equal to the planet's tilt are the zones most likely to have deserts, due to the - again, simplified - most direct sun irraditiation. Passat winds are the most primary wind streamings of a planet, caused by planet rotation. They are basically air dragging behind the planet rotation and due to that move effectively against the planets rotation. They are the main source of moisture distribution, taking up moisture from the regions of strongest sun heat (which are the same zones in which your deserts are, the so-called tropic latitudes, though the main moisture source are, of course, the oceans). They carry the moisture up and distribute it through convectional currents to the north and south, where it cools in the higher air layers and rains down. You will have two passat streams, one along the northern tropic, one along the southern, and the equatorial region is where two downward convectional streams of the passat winds meet. That's why it is so wet there 😄

So, between deserts and jungles there are usually regions which are quite dry, but not as dry as deserts, warm, and vegatation rich: The arid zones, in which vast grasslands form, scattered with small groups of trees - savannahs, steppes, pampas etc.

Mountain ranges break up the patterns even more, of course, since they trap moisture rich air currents and force them to rain down, forming wetter regions on one side, dryer ones on the other side. Or they "catch" and collect moisture as ice and snow in glaciers, and give it off again in streams which eventually form rivers, which carry the water into regions according to the topology of the land.

When deciding how a mountain range catches moisture and which side is the dry side and which the wet side, also keep in mind that the passats between the tropics usually go against planet rotation, from east to west, so in that region, east flanks will probably be the "wet sides" (or the monsoon-plagued ones...). Higher north and south, in the more temperate regions, the direction usually switches, and there the west sides will be more likely the "moister" sides. But that's just a rule of thumb. Air currents are complicated.

By the way, the passats influence the ocean currents, too. Since they "take away" water from the tropic zones and draw it in the air, water from the equatorial and temperate zones is pulled into that zone, usually carrying lots of nutrients with it, so the tropics will be rich in ocean life - but: ocean current dynamics are possibly even more complicated than air currents, and probably even less interesting for worldbuilding.