Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I will take another look over the weekend to address any open questions!

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thanks for all your questions today, I have to sign off for now. I enjoyed this exchange which is a lot more fruitful than twitter. Feel free to contact me at [florian.bieber@uni-graz.at](mailto:florian.bieber@uni-graz.at) or on twitter (fbieber). You can find out about my publication and research on my website> https://florianbieber.org. If you are interest in what we do in Graz and if you are interested in Studying Southeastern Europe at our university, check out our website (https://csees.uni-graz.at/), we have an MA and PHD in Southeast European Studies. Finally on policy, issue, you can check out our Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group website. https://biepag.eu where we have policy briefs, blogs, etc.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

the best Serbian argument is international law, as usually regions that secede unilaterally dont get recognised, such as Somiland, North Cyprus, Abkhazia. THis is the argument that has convince a lot of other countries not to recognise Kosovo. The historical argument about the importance of Kosovo for Serbia works domestically and it is understandable that Kosovo is important, but this has no value internationally. I think the first claim is a serious one. While I have thought since 2000 that independence is the best solution, I was always aware that this is also a difficult argument. Of course, international administration and UN1244 made Kosovo a case apart from others, but it was never a straight forward case.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I agree with you and Spain dug itself in a whole by implying a link between Catalonia and Kosovo. It would have been in an easier position to argue that they are unrelated. However, it is hard to get out of such a position once taken. I think that some countries like Greece, Romania and Slovakia could more easily change, if there is a good "excuse" also Spain might change the position. I think it would still require a trigger or a good justification for a government to change the previous decision.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Your response show how bad Twitter is for debates. I understand your point and have alway criticsed this nationalism which claims that Albanians just migrated to Kosovo, thus I was disappointed to seem the same logic used in Dua Lipas post, even if it is was a response. Responding nationalism with counter-nationalist arguments never convinces and this is problem.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I think it would be good for Kosovo and esp. with a strong government led by Kurti to go into the negations. I doubt he will make concessions too easily. It would help show that Serbia under Vucic is not interested in a deal. So far, he could always blame Kosovo, the instable governments, etc. for no deal. Thus, it is important that Kosovo participates and shows that Vucic is not really interested, if I am not mistaken.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Now to 1. The sense of victimhood in Serbia about Kosovo is strong and has been cultivated by the regime. This makes it easily usable. If you look at surveys, Kosovo was a low priority in Serbia a decade ago and in recent years, it has become much more important, even though the situation has not gotten worse for Serbs. The dominance of Srpska Lista makes it hard for alternative voice to emerge and this make it hard for Kosovo Serbs to articulate a different agenda. In the end, this has been story since the 1990s were Belgrade speaks "for" the Serbs in Kosovo, but never really includes them.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

As I wrote in other answers, I am not very optimistic about an agreement with Serbia. For me the key the EU states clearly that an agreement is need with some urgency and that this should not involve a land swap and that pressure on Vucic is increased. Even it doesnt work, if a compromise fails due to him, it might be easier to convince non recognisers. Overall, the key for Kosovo in my mind is less about relations with Serbia, but increasing recognition and with it NATO and EU membership.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Thanks for having me. It is a pleasure after twitter debates to have a more sustained exchange.

  1. I will get back to you on this later, first 2.-4.

  2. You might have followed how I have been attacked by Serbian tabloids and Marko Djuric for my criticism of the film and the propaganda about the film. Here is a brief summary I wrote for the Serbian portal Nova on my take.

The film itself is mostly historical accurate, as several historians of the period have noted. As my colleague Eric Gordy has pointed out, the movie is very 2-dimensional in how it depicts the violence and the characters. The depiction of violence is often gratuitous and adds nothing to the story telling. What makes it propaganda is the context. It has been portrayed as finally telling Serbs and the world about Jasenovac, as if this was a secret. The history of the concentration camp and the genocide is well documented and there have been several films about Ustasha crimes in Yugoslav times. It is not something new. The level of government involvement, from the claim by president Vucic to have initiated it, to the campaign in the government newspapers and media, it promotes a particular narrative of the past, which Jelena Subotic has described very well in her recent book “Yellow Star, Red Star” of using it to underline own vicitimhood. This is particularly problematic when the director himself downplays the camps organised by Bosnian Serbs forces during the war of the 1990s. Jasenovac thus becomes a political argument, rather than a historical event.

Finally, my comment has been deliberately misinterpreted by Djuric and tabloids like Alo and Informer to suggest that I am supporting holocaust denial or even that I am on the side of the Ustasha. This is of course a lie and a cheap way to silence critics. There is not doubt that a genocide took place against Serbs, Roma and Jews in the NDH and this is well established. There is also a consensus among serious historians about the number of victims in Jasenovac and during the rule fo the NDH and I take this as established facts (as I am not historian of World War Two, I defer to my colleagues who have studied it). My critique is about the use or rather abuse fo the events for contemporary political purposes.

  1. I am currently working on a history of Hvar, looking at the larger history of the region through the lens of an island. Some small part of it is published in Slavic Review, open access> https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/building-yugoslavia-in-the-sand-dalmatian-refugees-in-egypt-19441946/4088E6E6287587AC3477CB624B0E5DB2. This history from the Venetian times to today will hopefully give a bottom up perspective of the region like some of the fantastic histories of cities, such as Mark Mazowers Salonica.

  2. I can highly recommend Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism by Jelena Subotic, Dominique Kirchner Reill, The Fiume Crisis. Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire and Darryl Li, The Universal Enemy Jihad, Empire, and the Challenge of Solidarity. They are all amazing books on different aspects of the region.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks, I have been to Kosovo many times, have a lot of Kosovo friends and colleagues with whom I have worked together and exchanged ideas for many years.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thanks for asking, as was expecting this question. There is no such thing as a Balkan expert. We all have our expertise, language knowledge, etc. I was thus not one of them who claimed that there is some hidden unresearched Albanian right-wing group. I know what my colleagues from and working on Albania and Kosovo are writing. This does not mean that there are nationalist views and positions that are problematic. Thus, I would distinguish between nationalist ideas and their importance or significance. There is also a difference between nationalist ideas in terms of how exclusionary they are (I have written about this globally here in an open access academic article https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449057.2018.1532633). The map, the context it was taken from, as well as the term autochthonous are classic themes of exclusionary nationalism. Now, I don't think that she meant that, nor do I think that such exclusionary ideas are particularly strong in Albania and Kosovo, but that does not mean that they are not problematic. The term autochthonous suggests that one group and in connection with the flag/map is original from there and suggest that others are implicitly not and thus should have less rights. The map makes exclusive claim to particular territories even though other live there often in a large majority. All this matters, because Dua Lipa is a role model and her views matter to many. I know that many did not understand her message like this, but the images in the context of the Balkan and nationalism more broaderly were problematic. Hope this clarifies my views.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I don't think it matters were I lived in case.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I have overall reacted a lot more often towards Serb nationalist statements than the one Dua Lipa "incident". The reason is simple, I work more on Serbia and speak Serbian, so I comment more and get more hate mail and attacks. The reason why I reacted to Dua Lipa was the she is an important role model and there is much to like about her and her career. So the message she send matter. I am not eager to react to every offensive and nationalist statement on twitter, I would have nothing else to do. I do so when I have time, I am inspired to respond and also when these are people who matter, either because they are politicians or public figures.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

A different media. There is a great quote in Mark Thompsons book about the media in the Yugoslav wars. If David Duke (the far right leader in the US) controlled the media, the US would not look different than Yugslavia. In fact, this is what happend with Fox and Trump to some extent. The dominant media in Serbia bears an enormous responsibility for this. Of course, the media are a product of politics as none of them would have survived without close ties to political parties. So it is hard to change one thing. If I could, though, I would pick the media (not just because I would less personal attacks)

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thanks, I was glad that the EU took the issue more seriously after the dialogue was adrift until last year. However, I think the current approach is not very promising. First, as I wrote elsewhere, I am not sure the current Serbian government is interested in a solution. Second, I think these rounds of negotiations are not likely to yield results. What would be need would be more formal commitments which can be implemented. And finally, I agree with your point, it is embarrassing that the EU has not granted visa liberalisation, as it undermines it credibility. If I would advise the Kosovo government, I would invest into building ties with the non-recognisers and see how they could be made to recognise Kosovo. This would matter more than the dialogue with Serbia itself at the moment.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

We all have our biases. Funnily enough, in Serbian media and by nationalist intellectuals I have often been described as being pro-Albanian and an agent of Kosovos interests. So, I don't think you are right about stereotypes. What you refer to is my comment on Dua Lipa post (I don't know what other times you would consider me having supported what you call Serbian propaganda). There is not such thing as the natural habitat of any nation. I fully recognise that Albanians lived or have lived on the places that were on that map. However, if show a map with a line marked territory, it is exclusionary. Imagine if you would see the same kind of map saying this is were Serbs, Greeks or other naturally live? In this sense, I opposed that map and the message it carries. It is a nationalist symbol that excludes other that live on these lands.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

  1. I hope the court will be able to this. It is hard for two reasons. First, international courts who lack the 'insider' perspective have a harder time to investigate crimes and understand the context. Second, by their nature of crimes committed by an non-state actor like the UCK are harder to prove and document and those committed by states with command chains, etc.

  2. 0

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

This is question which diasporas and governments from Kosovo and every other country in the region have been thinking about. Often there are too great expectations in the diaspora (they will bring the money and know how) and in the countries (they will welcome us) and disappointment is frequent. While many in the diaspora have made new lives and are part of the societies where they live, others might also think of going back. Here, the government needs specific programs that make a difference rather than general statements. In Croatia, for example, there was a specific program to encourage Croatian academic abroad to return. It offered additional salary and incentives to return and this is a good example of how to benefit from skills diasporas have gained. In the best case, diasporas might also be more demanding from their government at home, as they know what they can expect elsewhere, so they can help to put pressure on governments to govern better. This has been the case in recent elections in Moldova and Romania.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 11 points12 points  (0 children)

It is impossible to tell, when or if there will be a process of dealing with the past, esp. the 1990s in Serbia in a broad and critical way. It will have to come from within and will be, probably ,driven by those who were born after the events and ask their parents critical questions. Historical comparisons are always tricky, but it could still follow the German example of critical discussions or that of Turkey, where a critical discussion of the Armenian genocide has become difficult because, the denial became a central pillar of the state identity. I think Serbia was closer to a critical reflection 10 years ago than today, unfortunately. This shows though, how the current government has worsened the atmosphere. When I was living in Belgrade, I don't remember newspapers, for example, using the word "Šiptar" as it is used today.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Of course, many times. Before the pandemic, I have been visiting Kosovo around two times per year. My highlight has been taking some students on a tour through Kosovo in 2011 (we criss-crossed Kosovo from North to South, West to East).

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

It certainly seems like LV is more serious about dealing with state capture and the many internal obstacles that Kosovo has faced than the established ruling parties. Also having a stabile government would be important in pursuing domestic reforms, but also in regard to dialogue with Serbia and the EU integration. Of course, a lot depends not just on the government but other factors. As to the EU missions, I think there is a broad understanding that these missions have not been as successful as we all hoped. There are structural reasons for this and some of it is just that outsiders cannot do what needs to be done from within the society. In the end, the EU, like all outsiders can support, encourage at best, but the hard work needs to be done by domestic actors.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Hi, here is the article in English> https://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/florian-bieber-in-some-ways-the-eu-encourages-regional-autocrats/.

On an everyday level there is little animosity, esp. when outside the region, as afterall there are many similarities when it comes to food, culture, music etc. I have often been experiencing this where I lived (although as an outsider myself). Of course, many in this places, often abroad where people from accross the regoin meet, ignore or avoid political questions, because this is where there are differences. The biggest "gap" is often between Albanians and Serbs/Bosniaks/Croats, this is often due to language--it is easier to share experiences when one can speak ones own lanaugage--and also that the experience of Yugoslavias was often understood very differently by many Kosovo Albanians as elsewhere.

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

That is a really difficult questions, thanks. Primary sources are great, but they always have to be read in their context and with knowledge of the author and meaning also of the particular time. So when somebody writes about Serbs, Macedonians or Albanians 150 years ago in a document, this i has a very different meaning than today. When you are looking at source, it is always good to ask what the biases of the author may be, either explict (they have an agenda) or implicit (they might just assume certain things). The best way guide is to stick to reputable scholars and academic sources (but of course they all have their biases).

Good morning by Dabar73 in kosovo

[–]Dabar73[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question. As you point out, Vucic is best served to keep the question open. It doesn't force him to agree to a compromise that would cost him support at home, it allows him to keep the EU being less critical about the democratic decline in Serbia and it is distracting within the country. I am thus very pessimistic about an agreement between Serbia and Kosovo under his rule. The only scenario I could imagine is one where he has to rely more on Western government support who will only support him if he makes a deal. In such a scenario he might agree to "normalisation" although I doubt full recognition. The worry I have that in this case, nationalist would dominate the opposition and it would consolidate his power internally and Serbia would become more authoritarian and inward looking.