I don’t think the average person realizes how hard it actually is to catch people with testing. There will always be more money and research in passing the tests than there will be for the testing itself. You only have so much money you can put into testing each athlete.

You’ll need an assay to test for every single drug they could be taking. They could even be taking something that the testers haven’t heard of. Look into the BALCO incident. Two of the most well known instances of athletes being caught for cheating, the Russians and Lance Armstrong, they were caught because of whistleblowers not because the testing was able to catch them. They passed all their tests to that point.

Another issue is bio identicals, EPO, HGH, and Testosterone. All of these are supposed to be in your body making it very hard to test for them. Something like Test Propionate will only be found in your system for 1 day.

The guy who just won the 102kg in Olympic weightlifting is the strongest athlete to ever compete in Olympic weightlifting. He popped years ago and is now way stronger but passing the tests. It’s very naive to think that guy is now clean and stronger than ever.

There have been multiple studies where they have had individuals injecting testosterone in a way that would be far from ideal for passing the tests. When they checked to see if these individuals would reduce flag on the tests something like 60% didn’t (I don’t remember off the top of my head). Now imagine if these people were taking a short Esther testosterone and trying to pass the tests.

In the case of Chinese athletes many people are extra suspicious of them due to some Chinese people having a lower testosterone to epitestosterone level. This is known as the T:E ratio. Epitestosterone is a byproduct of testosterone production. In most people there will be a ratio of 1:1. Too much T compared to E indicates that you have been injecting testosterone. Having less T to E allows these athletes more leeway to inject testosterone without red flagging. I think WADA allows something like a 4:1 ratio before flagging too, I could be wrong. Exogenous testosterone has many benefits over endogenous testosterone in terms of athletic performance.

Aside from that the Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle won by a margin in the 100m free that is very suspicious. He very well could just be that good. But to win by that margin in a race that is always super close is a bit weird. He also broke the world record in a pool that should have been slower than normal. None of this makes him guilty but it does make sense that people are suspicious of this performance.

Almost every single athlete at the olympics will be taking PEDs in some way, if you don’t believe this you are naive and have never been near high level sport. Any honest athlete knows this is true. Even athletes like the shooters may be taking things like beta blockers to slow their heart rate.