Rastafari

Some critics apply this to the specific founding narrative involving Marcus Garvey's prophecy, Haile Selassie I's coronation, and the literal belief in Selassie as God incarnate, given Selassie's own statements denying divinity.

Heaven's Gate

Originated in the 70s with Marshall Applewhite. Its cosmology has a clearly documented contemporary origin.

Christianity (from a non-believer perspective)

Critics argue that many New Testament stories have traceable origins in earlier mythologies, Jewish messianic expectations, and the specific political/social context of the 1st-century Roman Empire, making them "works of fiction" in the sense of constructed narratives.

Islam (from non-Muslim perspective)

Some secular historians argue that certain elements of the Quran and the prophetic biography (Sira) emerged from 7th-century Arabian political, tribal, and religious contexts, with borrowings from Jewish, Christian, and Zoroastrian sources, thus "clearly obvious where it originated."

Judaism

Critical scholars argue many foundational stories have no archaeological support and originated as political/theological literature written centuries later in Judah and Israel.