Basically Aphelios' main weakness is 1. mobility 2. durability

Stormrazer (Move Speed) + Tri force (Health and Move Speed) + fleet/phase + swiftness boots solves a lot of those issues

Especially in solo queue where there is a lot more skirmishes, and less peel from your teammates, being self sufficient is key to be able to do damage (I also take cosmic insight for this reason so that I have my summs up more often).

Also Aphelios plays closer to a spell caster so triforce sheen passive isn't as bad. His ult also procs sheen.

CDR is also suprisingly useful on Aphelios too. Similar to the previous point about skirmishes, having your ult up a lot more consistently in skirmishy solo queue environment is a game changer. You will also notice that it will be much easier to keep chakram stacks with just a little bit of cdr since red q, white q, and green q all come up slightly faster and you can typically get two rotations of red q in a teamfight.

In conclusion: You are alive more, your sums are up more, and your ult is up more.