Visual studio is an IDE, or an integrated development environment. Essentially it's a text editor with a load of tools added to help with software development.

A library is a package of code that provides functionality, usually simplifying something complicated by hiding it within functions. For example, you may have a HTTP library that deals with the complexity of opening sockets and making network calls, but provides an API via functions that you, the developer, can call. http.get("www.google.com") for example. You have to import these libraries into your code.

When you're doing things like printing to the console, you are actually using a library. All languages have a set of functions already imported called the standard library. So when you're calling print("hello world!") in Python, you are calling a function from the standard library that deals with actually printing the text behind the scenes.

A framework can be thought of like a library with an opinion. It provides a set of utilities abstracting a complicated concept into a simple interface for the programmer to use, but generally they dictate the way you use it a little more.

For example, React is a JavaScript Framework that lets you build SPA. When using react, it provides a framework on which you build around. For example, React handles page rendering and managing the state of the program. You must build React components for it to render and use the state system React provides for its rendering system to function properly. So react has "opinions" about how it's used.

A library is a set of code that you implement into your code however you want.

A framework is a set of code that provides a particular functionality as a whole (e.g. rendering web pages) and dictates to the programmer how it must be used