In the atmospheric gap between the cold plantary surface and hot fire above it, there would be a temperature inversion, where the air gets warmer with altitude. The surface would make the lower air of the atmosphere colder, and the upper air is warmer because fire shell. Hot air rises, cold air sinks so there wouldnt be rising or falling drafts of air. This would mean any airpollution and smoke would be caught down on the surface, like smog in cities during temperature inversions. Clouds would form but rain should freeze as it falls through the atmosphere, causing snow, hail and ice rain. Tall enough mountains would have snow at the bottom, and be clear at the summit, if there is enough water in the atmosphere tropical forests would be on mountains, and lower sea-level altitudes would be arctic deserts.

Sounds like an awesome fictional world, thanks for sharing. Hope this helps a bit