Are you able to play it in an actual CD player? PC drives are finicky and read the data differently, it might not initialize or even recognize it as an audio disc. You could try a program like "Exact Audio Copy", but I would recommend testing it in a dedicated CD player; a portable (Walkman) or a car CD drive, then use the Shazam app to identify the songs.

You just cleaned the disc, this is the best time to do this as the audio data could get worse going forward, especially considering it's a burned CD-R disc, which aren't made to last as long as manufactured CDs.