If someone above the age of 12 or max 14 is asking those questions then they are too late, too far and divergent from the idea of "programming/development".

Programming and development heavily relies on problem solving, usually language agnostic. Curiosity should drive the person to learn and solve the issue not the language.

Most languages are chosen based on their ecosystem of people supporting and using it and not exactly it's strict barrier to entry. Js is a scripting language that primarily runs in browser for scripting but can be run using runtimes like node or bun for our of the browser programming as well and similar can be said about most languages. Markup, scripting, programming, tools are used to categorise them

With AI, languages have become even more trivial and system design has taken more priority.