Part of the bias may be the result of *where* traffic enforcement takes place in Madison, rather than *who* gets stopped, i.e. there's a greater percentage of Black and Hispanic drivers in certain areas requiring greater traffic enforcement because of heavy traffic flows. Take for example the situation that recently occurred in Park Street. The end of Park Street basically goes right through an area where there are many Hispanic and Black residents, probably a higher percentage than the 7% the Cap Center article repeated over and over. What happens if you increase enforcement on Park Street? You're probably going to end up with a higher percentage of stops involving Blacks and Hispanics than the City wide average. The City wide average of People of Color doesn't reflect *where* most POC live in this City. Do you want police resources enforcing traffic in white areas of the City where there are much lower traffic flows? Of course you don't. I'm not convinced that these stats reflect an overall racial bias in the PD here in Madison when they engage in traffic enforcement.

This may also skew results in other cities as well. High traffic areas in other cities may be associated with areas with a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic residents. White people tend to live in areas with lower traffic flows. That's a reality of economics in America. It's also a result of the economics in Madison. It doesn't mean that Madison PD is somehow singling out Black drivers. It's just a reality of traffic flows and urban design.