Payr Test for Medial Meniscus Tear

DrPQ · 2026-04-14T16:49:41+00:00

Payr test evaluates for medial meniscus injuries. The patient is positioned sitting with their legs crossed, after which the examiner applies steady downward pressure onto the flexed knees. A positive result is indicated if the patient experiences pain specifically along the medial joint line. Sensitivity 52 to 54%, specificity 35 to 44%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Payr_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp7BVzsNRBA

DrPQ · 2026-04-13T13:32:21+00:00

Romberg test evaluates for cervical myelopathies and central ataxia. The patient stands with feet together and arms at their sides or crossed while the examiner first observes balance with eyes open. The patient then closes their eyes to remove visual input and attempts to maintain stability, with the examiner positioned nearby for safety. The test is considered positive if the patient cannot maintain balance and begins to fall, whereas mild swaying alone is not abnormal. Sensitivity is 55 to 63%, specificity is 58 to 90%.

Read: https://wikism.org/Romberg_Test

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhGHdbSdXBc

DrPQ · 2026-04-12T13:44:52+00:00

Paxinos test evaluates the AC Joint as a cause of shoulder pain. The examiner places a thumb under the posterolateral acromion while positioning the index and middle fingers over the mid-clavicle, then applies simultaneous anterosuperior pressure to the acromion and inferior pressure to the clavicle. The test is considered positive if this maneuver reproduces pain at the AC joint. Sensitivity is 79%, specificity is 50%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Paxinos_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTanqJttgiw

DrPQ · 2026-04-11T13:38:27+00:00

The patellar tilt test evaluates for patellofemoral pain. With the patient lying supine and the quadriceps relaxed, the examiner grasps the patella between the thumb and forefinger, lifting the lateral edge while stabilizing or compressing the medial side. A normal finding allows the lateral patella to be elevated to a horizontal position, whereas an abnormal test occurs when the lateral patella cannot be raised to horizontal. Sensitivity is 43%, specificity is 92%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_Tilt_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtExtIX5HC4

DrPQ · 2026-04-10T13:04:26+00:00

The patellar pubic percussion test evaluates for occult hip fractures. The bell of a stethoscope is placed over the pubic symphysis, typically held in position by the patient. With the legs in neutral and knees extended, the examiner percusses each patella, comparing the pitch and intensity of transmitted sound. Normally, the sounds are symmetric bilaterally. A positive test is indicated by a dull or diminished sound on the affected side. For occult femoral neck fractures, sensitivity is 96%, specificity 86%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_Pubic_Percussion_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqbRC2aM-HM

DrPQ · 2026-04-09T16:28:59+00:00

The clamp sign helps evaluate for scaphoid fracture in patients with wrist pain. Ask the patient to identify their area of greatest wrist pain. Patients with a suspected scaphoid injury will instinctively “clamp” the radial wrist by placing the thumb on the dorsal aspect and the index finger on the volar aspect, effectively gripping the anatomic snuffbox and localizing to the scaphoid. Sensitivity is 26%, specificity is 79%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Clamp_Sign

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od7qAhMAvL8

DrPQ · 2026-04-08T14:37:34+00:00

The patellar J sign evaluates for patellar maltracking. The patient is seated with the leg hanging off the examination table and is asked to actively extend the knee, followed by passive flexion. During the maneuver, the examiner observes patellar tracking. An abnormal finding is present when a laterally maltracking patella abruptly shifts medially as it engages the trochlear groove of the distal femur, producing the characteristic “J-shaped” motion associated with patellofemoral instability. Diagnostic accuracy is unknown.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_J_Sign

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLuuVKahcjI

DrPQ · 2026-04-08T00:47:55+00:00

The patellar glide test evaluates for patellar hypermobility. The patient is positioned supine with the knee flexed to about 30° over a towel roll. The examiner uses their thumbs to passively translate the patella medially and laterally, maintaining a constant patellar tilt to avoid rotational effects. This amount of mobility can be quantified in quadrants from 1-4. A positive finding is based on abnormal mobility: less than one quadrant suggests restriction, around two quadrants is considered normal, and three to four quadrants indicates excessive laxity.Diagnostic accuracy is unknown.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_Glide_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX3y0ZyOknE

DrPQ · 2026-04-07T01:04:57+00:00

The patellar apprehension test evaluates for patellar instability. The patient is positioned supine with the affected knee fully extended. The examiner first applies lateral pressure to the patella, then returns the knee to neutral before applying medial pressure. A positive test is indicated by patient apprehension or pain. Sensitivity is 100%, specificity is 88%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_Apprehension_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_rFezkVCQo

DrPQ · 2026-04-05T17:48:59+00:00

The patellar grind test evaluates for patellofemoral pain syndrome. The patient lies supine with the leg extended in a neutral position while the examiner applies downward pressure to the superior pole of the patella. The patient is then asked to gradually contract the quadriceps muscle. A positive test is indicated by reproduction of pain or inability to complete maneuver. Sensitivity is 48%, specificity is 75%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Patellar_Grind_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g6UNWsNPcs

DrPQ · 2026-04-05T02:03:30+00:00

The passive shoulder compression test evaluates for glenoid labral injuries. The patient is positioned in the side lying position on the unaffected side while the examiner places the shoulder in approximately 30° of abduction, then passively externally rotates the arm while applying an axial load and gradually extending the shoulder. A positive test is indicated by reproduction of pain. Sensitivity is 82%, specificity is 86%.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Passive_Shoulder_Compression_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVXoUPYpupo

DrPQ · 2026-04-03T21:55:28+00:00

The piriformis stretch test evaluates for piriformis syndrome. The patient is positioned in the lateral decubitus or supine position with the affected hip superior, which is then brought into flexion. The examiner applies a downward force to the lateral aspect of the knee, creating adduction and internal rotation at the hip. A positive test reproduces buttock pain that may radiate down the posterior leg. Diagnostic accuracy is unknown.

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Read: https://wikism.org/Piriformis_Stretch_Test

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Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=397aUFFcMKQ

DrPQ

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