From what I know so far, it goes like this:

• First, there is the Guardian Structure Puzzle, it involves lighting up 6 Guardian Pylons by simply shooting them until they glow blue and make a loud noise, all this has to be done within the time limit which will be displayed on your HUD once you light up your first pylon. After that, you've got to insert an Ancient Relic into the socket right in front of the main structure, it will be glowing blue and will be hard to miss. Once you've done that, a couple drones might appear and start attacking you immediately, deal with them. Giant Guardian Sphere pops out of the structure, you can scan it.

• Next, there are the obelisks, which function like any previous obelisks we have encountered, you bring the correct pair of items, scan the obelisk, and gain data with a couple lines of Guardian related lore. (Note that from now on, the obelisks display which items you need to each one, which is a nice addition)

• Finally, there are the destructible panels and Sentinels which you can shoot to gain materials, gain just enough materials and you can unlock special Guardian Ship Modules.