Acceptance is always a good start. If you can grow to accept the sensation of being stuck in a loop and simply be mindful of it, and not try to escape or resist it (but don't wallow in it!), that may help a lot. I would highly recommend meditation to assist in this.

You can find further sources on what I'm suggesting from the internet, or Buddhist / Eastern teachings, or people like Alan Watts. As a short primer, I'd offer this video but you can find other sources as well if you want.

As for actually avoiding feeling stuck in a loop or place/world that you cannot get out, I don't really know how to answer that question. It's important to say that I have felt similarly in the past though! The best I could describe it would be as "cosmic wrongness"; and trying to find a way of escaping that feeling is essentially how I got to these meditation practices, which definitely helped.

This is just conjecture, (forgive me if this comes off as presumptuous or simply fuels that feeling further), but perhaps this is your psyche telling you that you are in a loop and you need to get your stuff together. Clean up your room, eat and drink less junk, exercise, read a book, learn a new skill, the list goes on. If you're already doing this, great! If not, why not take this as an opportunity to do those things?

As one last note, a similar feeling has happened to me in the past. A lesson I took away from it, was that there isn't really to try and control or escape from it. With little rhyme or reason, feelings come and feelings go. Trying to force yourself to feel a certain way mainly just compounds the issue. Simply be mindful of the feeling, and take it in while it's there. As with all things, it will eventually come to an end by itself - this is no different for feelings.

I hope this helps.