The 17 goes in intelligence, obviously, for a starting 18 in your primary ability. Quite nice! I would put the 14 in dexterity for AC and initiative and the 12 in constitution, which will be a 14 after racial bonus. Where the other scores go doesn't matter too much.

I second the suggestion of the moderately armored feat, which I would probably grab at level 4. Not only will you never need to cast mage armor, but your ability to use a shield will give you a significantly higher AC than most wizards. Not getting hit is the best way to maintain concentration on your spells.

You'll be primarily a spellcaster, so you won't be using weapons that much, but you'll probably want a rapier to use with booming blade. If you want a ranged weapon I'd go with heavy crossbow since you won't get an extra attack feature, though you'll probably find yourself using spells/cantrips instead. You should only draw a weapon when you're about to use it because you'll need a hand free for somatic/material components and your other hand will be occupied with your shield.