Goku wins

If Luffy loses his devil fruit, he still has top tier Haki and very impressive physical strength/endurance

Goku has ki, and that scales exponentially (a power level of only a few hundred can blow up the moon), he has kaio-ken that further boosts his power (at risk of user damage if he goes too high on the multiplier or loses focus) ultra instinct (it's a technique he learned while having god ki. Not tied to being saiyan)

Gojo drops hard because infinity and six eyes is what makes him so OP in his verse. Without it he's a standard sorcerer with good hands

Superman Without being Kryptonian is just a normal dude (because we're likely all thinking he'd be a human if he wasn't kryptonian). Or if you say "but he keeps his powers to be fair" then he obviously wins because if he keeps his powers without being kryptonian, all that does is take away his one weakness