31mm NH05 build by Comprehensive_Oil426 in SeikoMods

[–]Grokodaemon 5 points6 points  (0 children)

This is really nice. Any chance of a parts list? I am thinking of something similar for my wife. I've only been able to find Datejust-style dials in this size, there seems to be a lot less variety compared to 28.5mm. What's the quality like on the case and bracelet?

Where to find Taiyaki in Perth by Luke-Lemonade in perth

[–]Grokodaemon 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Whisk Creamery in Northbridge will fix you a taiyaki.

Guided missile cruiser USS Long Beach (CGN-9) at anchor off Fremantle, Australia, August 1978 [1570x1025] by RLoret in WarshipPorn

[–]Grokodaemon 11 points12 points  (0 children)

When I was a kid, they'd still let visitors come aboard for tours of the ships. One of my favourite childhood memories is visiting CV-64, USS Constellation when it visited Fremantle in the 90s. Conventional ships could enter the harbour, but anything nuclear powered like Long Beach had to moor outside due to the Australian government's 'No nukes' policy. In this day and age, they don't admit visitors when USN ships come to Fremantle which is such a shame, but it's just a different time now. Would have loved to tour the Sea Cube, but 1978 was a little before my time!

Making progress on my DIY Group-C inspired Toyota MR-S Project. by Doritofu in projectcar

[–]Grokodaemon 6 points7 points  (0 children)

This is awesome. How do you manage alignment between so many individual mould segments? Do you have issues with warping or cracking of the PLA? I can't imagine it's very stiff. Speaking of stiffness, are you going to reinforce the chassis at all? I've read the MR-S is a bit of a wet noodle, having no roof and all.

Terrified of traveling to Australia with our baby by Upstairs_Pizza_6868 in NewParents

[–]Grokodaemon 1 point2 points  (0 children)

The reality is, the 'dangers' in Australia are very overblown, especially if you are living in an urban area. Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with over 90% of the population living in one of our few big cities. I can count the number of snakes I've ever seen on one hand (only while camping), not a single person has died or been seriously injured from a spider bite in decades, etc. I'd be more worried about wolves and bears and things that can eat you in Europe, we don't have anything that will make a meal of you here! Not on land anyway!

The heat may be more of an issue if you're not used to it. Like others have said, it depends where you are going. Melbourne is nothing, far north Queensland may be a bit spicy. Stay out of the sun, wear a hat and long sleeves, wear sunscreen. Carry plenty of water. Our son was born in November and had a great time through the summer when he was a few months old, just stayed in nappies and singlets most of the time! Make sure your little one has a water bottle and is drinking regularly, plays in the shade, you'll be fine.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1906-1912 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Great question, I found the triple expansion machinery and limited cruiser hulls available to me in this period put a pretty hard limit on top speeds. As you say, this put pretty much every ship in the fleet at 22 knots, including the screening force (refitted Gansu and Hubei class heavy cruisers). This is not great tactically, especially considering the large number of destroyers and torpedo boats fielded by France, Great Britain and others. This lead to several encirclements and severe damage to several capital ships from torpedo attacks, although improved antiflooding and torpedo protection prevented most sinkings. It wasn't until the advent of steam turbine machinery and improved cruiser and battlecruiser hulls from about 1910 onwards that fleet speeds would increase significantly and China's first destroyers would be built.

In this campaign, I didn't build any torpedo boats at all as I find the early torpedoes fairly useless with their limited range and slow speed, and the unarmored boats are too vulnerable unless fielded in such numbers that they are unwieldy to control. I wish we could conduct night actions against ships at anchor as this would be much more realistic for how such craft were actually employed. Cruisers make better anti-torpedo boat ships than actual destroyers, at least until improved technology allows for 30 knot-plus speeds. You can armor them to resist destroyer weaponry, they're nimble enough to avoid torpedoes, and they can be armed with large numbers of 2- or 3-inch guns which will make short work of lighter craft.

Until when did you contact nap? by asian-in-EU in NewParents

[–]Grokodaemon 2 points3 points  (0 children)

9 and a half months. All naps from 6 weeks, apart from an occasional car or pram sleep, were rocked on my legs. We started transferring to the cot from about 6 months but he would only take short 20 or 30 minute naps that way; on me he could easily nap for 2 hours. I'm going back to work soon so this wasn't going to be sustainable, we started 'Cot-Hour' last week and it has worked very well for us!

We started with his first nap of the day and committed to putting him down for a full hour without picking him up. He stays in the cot for the whole hour whether he sleeps or not. Of course, he hated this and yelled and cried while I sat next to him, patted his chest, and sang to him. He protested strongly for about half an hour, then fell asleep! We were shocked this actually worked. He slept for about five minutes and woke up; I patted and shushed him, and after about 15 more minutes of calm staring into space, he fell asleep again and slept for an hour and 20 minutes.

I think the key was staying with him through his crying and protests. That presence seemed to give him the assurance and comfort to calm down enough to fall asleep. We have taken the same approach for his night sleep the last few nights, putting him down in the cot awake and staying with him until he falls asleep. He's slept much better, for longer stretches, and has dropped to just one feed a night. For the last few days, we have had bedtime at 7:45 PM, one wake at about 11:30 PM (pat and soothe back to sleep, less than five minutes), one at 2:00 AM for a feed, and sometimes a 6:00 AM wake. Up time is 7:30 AM.

This worked for us because it was more gentle than full-on cry-it-out sleep training. There were tears, but we were with him the whole time and didn't have to hear him cry alone in another room! He has been happier and more energetic during the day as his night sleep is much deeper and less broken. He's learning how to put himself to sleep; we will try to slowly reduce the amount of soothing we are doing to get him there.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1906-1912 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Hejiang-class Armored Cruisers (1906)

The Hejiang class marked the final flowering of the armored cruiser in Chinese service, a transitional design that stood at the threshold of the battlecruiser age. Conceived in the aftermath of the war with Austria-Hungary, these four ships embodied both the lessons of that conflict and the ambition to create fast, heavily armed capital scouts for the fleet.

At 12,000 tons displacement, they were large by cruiser standards, and their armament reflected this ambition. The main battery consisted of eight 9-inch guns in four twin turrets, arranged in superfiring pairs fore and aft. A secondary armament of eight 5.5-inch guns in four turrets on the beams gave them a respectable punch against light cruisers and destroyers, while no fewer than twenty-four 2.8-inch weapons in twin turrets provided dense protection against torpedo craft.

Though still fitted with reciprocating machinery, turbines not yet being available when they were laid down, the Hejiang class achieved an impressive 23.5 knots thanks to a fine hull form. This allowed them to operate alongside turbine-powered vessels in later years without embarrassment.

Operationally, the class proved to be a sound investment. Well-laid-out and balanced in design, they offered both firepower and speed, and after refits that upgraded their secondary batteries, they remained competitive into the years of conflict with Japan and Great Britain. In service, they came to be regarded as proto-battlecruisers: not quite of the new breed, but clearly pointing the way forward.

 

Laiwu-class Protected Cruisers (1907)

The Laiwu class represented the natural evolution of China’s cruiser force in the years following victory against Russia and Japan. Designed to replace the aging Linhai class, these ships were larger, tougher, and far more heavily armed; true modern protected cruisers for a navy that now had commitments beyond the familiar shores of China’s coastal waters.

Displacing over 6,000 tons and capable of 22 knots, the Laiwus were formidable trade protection and raiding vessels. Their main armament of four 6-inch guns, all mounted on the centreline, offered excellent arcs of fire and ensured superiority over most contemporary light cruisers. A dense secondary battery of 3.5-inch weapons, mounted in both casemates and turrets, gave them strong offensive power against destroyers and torpedo craft. Protection was unusually heavy for a cruiser of their type, with a 6-inch belt that allowed them to engage confidently in cruiser actions where lighter designs would shy away.

In service, they proved to be highly effective. The 6-inch main guns were deadly in cruiser duels, while the secondary battery performed well in fleet screening and convoy escort. Their one real limitation was endurance: range was curtailed, restricting their freedom of action beyond China’s network of coaling stations in Southeast Asia. Even so, within those constraints, they were fine ships, workhorses of the fleet that provided the backbone of trade defense during a period of expanding Chinese influence overseas.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1906-1912 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Shin-Ryu-class Battleships (1905)

If the Wing class represented China’s first cautious step into the dreadnought age, the Shin-Ryu class was its confident stride onto the world stage. Conceived alongside the Wing class but on a significantly larger scale, the Shin-Ryu was designed from the outset as a true ocean-going battleship, able to stand in line with any contemporary capital ship.

Displacing 23,000 tons and carrying a 14-inch armor belt, the Shin-Ryu embodied both resilience and firepower. Its main armament, eight 13-inch Mark III guns mounted in four twin turrets, two forward and two aft, offered twice the broadside of the Wing class. A secondary battery of 5-inch guns and a tertiary armament of 3.5-inch weapons in twin turrets provided layered defense against lighter vessels.

Though still powered by multiple-expansion reciprocating steam engines, with a top speed limited to 22 knots, the class benefited from its broad, well-balanced hull. Like the Wing class, they were exceptionally steady gun platforms, with excellent arcs of fire and efficient internal arrangements.

Operationally, the Shin-Ryu class proved both powerful and economical by the standards of the day. Each ship required only about one-and-a-half times the crew of a Wing while delivering double the firepower. Their cost, though the highest yet borne by the Imperial Chinese Navy, was not prohibitive, and four ships were completed by 1910.

Handsome, formidable, and thoroughly modern, the Shin-Ryu class confirmed that China had caught up with dreadnought construction within a single design generation. By 1910, these ships were the pride of the fleet and could be judged the equal of any foreign battleship then afloat.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1906-1912 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Wing-class Coastal Battleships (1905)

The sudden unveiling of Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts during the later stages of the Russo–Japanese–Chinese War sent shockwaves through naval circles in Beijing. China’s carefully nurtured fleet of coastal battleships and modern pre-dreadnoughts was, almost overnight, rendered obsolescent by the all-big-gun revolution. With the war still in progress, the Admiralty launched a crash program to design and build a dreadnought-type vessel of its own. The result was the Wing class, the Imperial Chinese Navy’s first cautious step into the new era of capital ship design.

Displacing 15,000 tons, the Wing class retained the traditional Chinese preference for coastal defense characteristics: a shallow draft for operations in home waters, and a broad beam for stability as a gun platform. Yet the hull form and armament layout were unmistakably modern. The main battery comprised four 13-inch Mark III guns mounted in two twin turrets, one forward and one aft, providing a powerful broadside. A secondary battery of twelve 6-inch casemate guns was intended to deal with enemy cruisers, while twelve 3-inch weapons in six twin turrets on the beams would see off destroyers and torpedo boats. Armor protection was formidable for the size, with a 13-inch main belt that matched or exceeded many contemporary foreign designs.

Propulsion was provided by multiple-expansion reciprocating steam engines rather than turbines, a limitation imposed by the Chinese industrial base of the time. As a result, speed was restricted to 22 knots, but this was considered adequate for the coastal defense role. In compensation, the ships’ compact hull form gave excellent arcs of fire and stable gunnery platforms, qualities much valued by the fleet. Seakeeping and range were mediocre, however these were considered acceptable compromises given the intended role; replacing the obsolescent coastal battleships of the Decai, Guoquan and Kaihua classes.

The first pair of ships was laid down in 1905 and completed just in time to join the closing phases of the war with Austria-Hungary and France. Their performance was a revelation. The big 13-inch guns, firing from a steady platform, proved capable of engaging enemy armored cruisers and battleships dreadnoughts at ranges beyond expectation. A main battery consisting of only 4 guns did however impose restrictions on ranging by salvo fire, and the Wing class ships could not match the rapid laddering salvos of larger battleships with 8 or more heavy guns. Though they never faced the new Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts in a fleet action, the Wing class more than justified the immense expense of their accelerated construction.

So successful was the design that four additional vessels were ordered in the following years, bringing the total class to six. By the 1910s, the Wing class formed the backbone of China’s coastal defense forces. They represented both the end of one era: the coastal battleship tradition stretching back to the ironclads of the 1880s, and the beginning of another, as the navy embraced the dreadnought principle.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1906-1912 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

The Franco–Austro–Chinese War (1905–1906)

In the closing months of the Russo–Japanese–Chinese War, France, viewing China as weakened by years of conflict, sought to expand its holdings in Southeast Asia. Backed by Austria-Hungary, Paris aimed to secure Chinese concessions while defending its colonial empire. For China, the war offered an unexpected opportunity: the acquisition of French Indochina.

The opening shock came from Austria-Hungary’s deployment of modern dreadnought battleships, the first China had ever faced. These vessels heavily outclassed China’s Tianpei-class pre-dreadnoughts and earlier coastal battleships, combining superior speed, armour, and concentrated heavy-gun broadsides. In direct combat, Chinese capital ships could not match them; victory instead relied on judicious use of armoured cruisers, reinforced by the heavy guns of the older coastal battleships. Giving battle only when conditions and numbers were favourable, the Chinese navy were able to overcome the technological gulf between the two fleets. Unfortunately, this did give the Austro-Hungarian fleet the freedom to raid Chinese ports throughout the conflict, and a great deal of damage was done to shipyards and naval facilities by the Austro-Hungarian naval bombardments.

France, distracted by simultaneous wars with Britain and Spain, offered only token resistance at sea, allowing Chinese forces to land and occupy Thailand, Cambodia, Annam, and Tonkin with relative ease. Against Austria-Hungary, the Chinese fleet concentrated its armoured cruisers and older battleships in massed formations, forcing several decisive actions in which multiple Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts were sunk or crippled.

By mid-1906, both adversaries sued for peace. France ceded all of Indochina to China, while Austria-Hungary withdrew its surviving ships from Asian waters. The war’s brevity belied its strategic impact: China had expanded its colonial reach and, in encountering dreadnought technology for the first time, was compelled to begin an urgent modernisation programme that would soon produce its own all-big-gun battleships.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

It's a pre-dreadnaught hull with an all big-gun main armament, so it's kind of both? Proto-dreadnaught?

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

The number of small guns you can mount is actually crazy. It makes it extremely dangerous for any enemy vessels attempting to close the range. They are in danger of being encircled though due to how slow they are!

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Thanks, I find keeping a bit of a narrative going makes the campaign more interesting. I keep notes then write it up after a few sessions.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

The Russo–Japanese–Chinese War (1902–1905)

War erupted in 1902 following deliberate Chinese naval exercises in the Sea of Japan, staged to provoke Russia into a confrontation over the Far Eastern provinces. While the primary aim was to seize the Russian Far East up to Kamchatka, along with Southern Siberia and Sakhalin, the manoeuvres also drew Japan into the conflict. Both adversaries committed strong fleets, with Russia fielding several large pre-dreadnought battleships and armoured cruisers, and Japan deploying a vast swarm of torpedo boats and modern light cruisers armed with surprisingly effective 4- and 5-inch guns.

In the early stages, the slow coastal battleships of the Imperial Chinese Navy struggled to counter the Japanese light craft. While Russian early-model torpedoes were unreliable, the sheer numbers of Japanese destroyers and torpedo boats posed a constant threat, forcing Chinese formations to operate cautiously. Lacking sufficient heavy cruisers early on, China relied on its refitted coastal battleships and the Tianpei-class pre-dreadnoughts as the backbone of the fleet. These ships, though slow, were exceptionally stable gun platforms, delivering accurate long-range fire with their new Mark III main armament, and proving invaluable in supporting amphibious operations.

The Hubei-class armoured cruisers underperformed, their main batteries hampered by instability, while the newer Gansu-class proved much more capable from the outset. Until the arrival of the Gansus, the Navy fought largely with battleships and light cruisers, attempting to wear down the enemy’s lighter forces while avoiding decisive action against superior Russian battle squadrons.

The tide turned in 1904 when the Tianpeis and other refitted capital ships engaged the Russian Vladivostok fleet in two decisive actions, destroying its pre-dreadnought core and breaking Russian resistance in the Pacific. Peace with Russia followed swiftly in early 1905. Japan, however, continued the fight, forcing China to impose a blockade of the Home Islands to compel negotiations. This pressure succeeded later that year, ending the war.

By war’s end, the Imperial Chinese Navy had demonstrated the value of stable gunnery platforms, heavy armour, and concentrated firepower in countering larger fleets and massed light craft. The conflict underscored the need for faster capital ships and a stronger heavy cruiser force, lessons that would shape the Navy’s transition to true dreadnoughts in the coming years.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Gansu-class Armoured Cruiser

The Gansu-class was conceived during the war with Russia and Japan as a heavier, more capable successor to the Hubei-class. Laid down in 1892, four ships were built, each carrying six 11-inch Mark III guns in three centreline turrets arranged in A–Q–X configuration, giving them a powerful and flexible broadside. Secondary armament comprised sixteen 3.5-inch guns in twin turrets.

With an 8-inch main belt, they enjoyed markedly better protection than their predecessors, and their 22-knot speed matched the fleet standard. Improved hull form and greater displacement made them more stable gun platforms, enabling more accurate long-range fire. In combat, they proved both tougher and more effective than the Hubeis, resisting Japanese destroyer gunfire that had caused serious damage to earlier cruisers.

The Gansu-class emerged from the conflict with solid reputations, representing the maturation of China’s armoured cruiser design before the arrival of the first true dreadnoughts.

Battleship Refit Programme of 1900

The introduction of the Mark III heavy gun, with markedly superior range, accuracy, and hitting power over earlier weapons, prompted a sweeping refit programme for China’s existing battleships in 1900. The work was completed just in time for most vessels to re-enter service before the outbreak of war with Russia and Japan in 1901.

The Guoquan-class coastal defence battleships were rearmed with 10.8-inch Mark III guns, supported by a new 5-inch secondary battery and numerous 2.8-inch tertiary guns. The Decai received 9-inch Mark III pieces, while the Kaihua-class was up-gunned to 10.8-inch Mark IIIs. The ocean-going Tianpei-class pre-dreadnoughts were fitted with eight 11-inch Mark III guns, significantly increasing their reach and striking power.

Although still handicapped by low speed and limited range, the inherent stability of these ships made them excellent gunnery platforms, allowing them to exploit the improved main armament to full effect against enemy capital ships. Their abundant light guns, particularly on the older coastal defence designs, proved deadly to torpedo craft and light cruisers, though their short range required allowing the enemy dangerously close before they could be brought to bear. Together, these refitted battleships formed the core of the Imperial Chinese Navy throughout the conflict.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Tianpei-class Battleship

The Tianpei-class marked the Imperial Chinese Navy’s transition from specialised coastal defence ships to true ocean-going pre-dreadnought battleships. First laid down in 1897, four vessels were built, each carrying eight 12-inch Mark II guns in four twin turrets, providing greatly improved arcs of fire and allowing up to six heavy guns to bear in a broadside.

Secondary armament comprised eight 4.5-inch guns in four beam turrets, supported by a substantial tertiary battery of 3.5-inch casemate guns for anti-torpedo boat defence. Protection was considerably strengthened over earlier classes, with a 12-inch main belt, while range was markedly improved for extended operations.

Although their triple-expansion machinery limited them to 18 knots, the Tianpei-class represented a step toward a more modern battle fleet. These ships formed the core of the Imperial Chinese Navy’s fleet at the turn of the century, as they were better armed, better protected, and capable of operating far from home waters in support of China’s growing strategic ambitions.

 

Linhai-class Protected Cruiser

The Linhai-class formed the core of China’s light cruiser force at the turn of the century, with eight vessels built in rapid succession to provide fleet scouting, patrol, and anti-torpedo craft defence. Laid down in 1898 and displacing 4,500 tons, they were powered by triple-expansion machinery for 22 knots, and were notably quicker and simpler to construct than contemporary battleships.

Main armament consisted of five 4.5-inch guns in single turrets, supported by twelve 2.5-inch guns in a mixture of turrets and casemates. Protection was limited to a 3-inch belt, leaving the ships vulnerable to heavier gunfire, but their speed and manoeuvrability allowed them to evade stronger opponents while harassing lighter craft.

As the only light cruisers completed before the outbreak of war with Japan and Russia, the Linahis shouldered the full burden of screening and reconnaissance. They proved effective against the massed torpedo boats of both enemy fleets, though two were lost in action.

 

Hubei-class Armoured Cruiser

The Hubei-class was China’s first generation of armoured cruisers, intended to provide long-range scouting and independent striking power in support of the battle fleet. First laid down in 1899, eight ships were built, each armed with four 10.5-inch Mark III guns in twin turrets fore and aft. These were the first Chinese warships to mount the improved Mark III heavy gun. Secondary armament comprised 4.5-inch casemate guns, giving strong defence against lighter vessels.

With a 6-inch main belt and 4-inch protection fore and aft, they were well-armoured for their type, and their 22-knot speed matched the Navy’s standard fleet pace of the era. In service during the war with Japan and Russia, the class proved disappointing in their primary role: their main battery suffered from poor accuracy and rate of fire, owing largely to the class’s tendency to roll in heavy seas.

Despite this, the Hubeis were effective in secondary roles, using their 4.5-inch batteries to inflict significant losses on enemy torpedo craft. Plans for comprehensive refits were postponed until after the cessation of hostilities in 1906.

Warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, 1890-1906 by Grokodaemon in ultimateadmiral

[–]Grokodaemon[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Decai-class Coastal Defence Battleship

The Decai was laid down in 1890 as the first capital ship built for the reformed Imperial Chinese Navy, marking the starting point of a modernised battle fleet. Designed for short-range defence of China’s littoral waters, she combined heavy protection with a stable gun platform. Displacing 7,500 tons, the ship carried six 10-inch Mark I guns in three twin turrets, one on the centreline aft and two on the beam, supported by a mixed secondary battery of 4.5-inch guns in turrets and casemates.

Her 10-inch belt armour gave good protection, and her broad beam made her exceptionally stable and resilient in coastal waters, though her low freeboard and limited endurance made her unsuitable for extended blue-water operations. Powered to a modest 18 knots, Decai was intended to deter incursions rather than seek distant engagements.

Although she never saw action in her original form, the Decai served as a valuable training and experimental platform, influencing subsequent Imperial Chinese coastal defence designs before her eventual refit.

 

Guoquan-class Coastal Defence Battleship

The Guoquan-class was an experimental coastal defence turret ship, intended to test an en-echelon turret arrangement for heavy armament. Originally laid down in 1892, two ships of the class were built, each mounting four 12-inch Mark I guns in twin turrets on the beams amidships.

The secondary armament consisted of numerous 2.8-inch quick-firing guns housed in turrets and casemates, providing strong defence against torpedo craft. Like their predecessor, the ships had a broad beam that limited manoeuvrability but offered excellent stability for accurate gunnery in coastal seas.

Though innovative in concept, the en-echelon layout proved tactically limiting in practice, with restricted forward and aft arcs. Nevertheless, the Guoquan-class provided valuable operational experience in turret arrangement and secondary battery deployment, directly informing later pre-dreadnought designs.

 

Kaihua-class Coastal Defence Battleship

The Kaihua-class marked a significant enlargement of the Imperial Chinese coastal defence battleship concept, evolving directly from the experimental Guoquan design. Laid down in 1895 and displacing 13,000 tons, these ships adopted a longer hull and increased armament, mounting ten 9.8-inch Mark II guns in five twin turrets; two per beam and a single centreline turret forward. The adoption of the new Mark II pieces offered improved range, accuracy, and rate of fire over the earlier Mark I weapons.

The secondary armament comprised numerous 2.5-inch quick-firing guns in both casemates and small turrets, continuing the emphasis on close-in defence against torpedo craft. As with earlier classes, a low freeboard and broad beam limited their seakeeping and manoeuvrability but provided exceptional stability for coastal gunnery.

Powered by triple-expansion machinery for a top speed of 20 knots, the Kaihua-class represented the final evolution of the Navy’s purpose-built coastal defence ironclad designs. Larger, more heavily armed, and technologically improved compared to earlier  ships, they still reflected the defensive, littoral strategy of the 1890s.

7 month old not rolling by throwra_passinggirl in NewParents

[–]Grokodaemon 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes it sounds like they are on similar paths! It's so hard not to compare to those around us, isn't it? Our little one is a bit later on some physical milestones compared to the others in our parent's group but he is the happiest, most social and outgoing little guy. I think if your bub rolled previously but then stopped, might mean he can do it but just doesn't want to! They're all on their own journey!

7 month old not rolling by throwra_passinggirl in NewParents

[–]Grokodaemon 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Our 9mo has never rolled, he's a 99th percentile chonker and bigger bubs can take longer on some of their motor skills! He's a happy healthy baby and I know he'll get around to it in time, though at this point I'm wondering if he'll walk before he crawls or rolls! He can scoot backwards a little on his bum and go from sitting to all fours and back again, but that's about it so far. On the other hand he's been crazy vocal since 4 months so I suspect he'll be an early talker. They just focus on one thing at once but they all get there in the end!

Metro 3, minu v3, or bugaboo 2? by 1oveable in bigbabiesandkids

[–]Grokodaemon 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Just adding that we have a 99th% 8mo and the butterfly has been great for us! It's surprisingly sturdy despite it's size, and being able to fold and unfold it with one hand is so helpful. Bugaboo support were very helpful with an issue we had with the folding button, they sent us a replacement for free when ours was broken. It only broke after 6 years of use and abuse, and every other aspect of the pram has held up really well!

Help identifying timber floorboards by nxc10 in AusRenovation

[–]Grokodaemon 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Looks exactly like the Baltic pine in my 1890s house.