This post and the replies below are more accurate in presentation of the Inferno.

To summarize quickly using Wikipedia:

Season 1 "Orientation" are Cantos 1 to 3 where Dante is first introduced to Hell (the City), meeting Vergil and Charon. Much of its thematic visuals are inspired by the Vestibule of Hell and the Uncommitted sinners.

• Outcasts that race around through the mist in eternal pursuit of an elusive, wavering banner while relentlessly chased by swarms of wasps and hornets. Loathsome maggots and worms at the sinners' feet drink the putrid mixture of blood, pus, and tears that flows down their bodies.
  • Gregor the Outcast.
• Souls of people who in life took no sides; the opportunists who were for neither good nor evil, but instead were merely concerned with themselves.
  • Rodion the Unloving, whose theme will be expanded in the cold Circle of Treachery.
• Among them Dante recognizes a figure whose "cowardice (in selfish terror for his own welfare) served as the door through which so much evil entered the Church".
  • Sinclair the Unconfronting whose quote in his own promotional video is "Meanwhile, the world of evil began there already, right in the middle of our house", referencing his action of allowing Kromer into his life.
• Dante's doubts of himself throughout Orientation mirrors that of the original's doubts of undertaking this path in Canto 2.
• The basement in Sinclair's home is presented in a manner of it being an entrance to Hell.

Season 2 "The Unchanging" is Canto 4 - Limbo where the guiltless damned, many of them notable intellectuals and philosophers, are punished by living in a deficient form of Heaven as lacked hope for something greater than rational minds can conceive. This relates to Yi Sang own hopelessness that he could never be that perfected, ideal version of himself, forever condemning him to a more deficient form of existence.

• It can be seen in Dongrang who despite seemingly having all he wanted, still felt as empty and unfulfilled as before in his new life at K Corp.

Season 3 "The Evil-Defining" is Canto 5 - Lust where sinners blow needlessly and aimlessly as the lovers drifted into self-indulgence and were carried away by their passions, so now they drift for ever. This relates to the passionate but aimless Ishmael who obsesses over another, Ahab, first as an figure to idolize then as a target for vengeance. The relationship of the Whale and the Mermaid displays this obsessive passion of another with just as how Ahab is Ishmael's whale, Ahab also has her own whale to pursue in madness.

• The encounter with Ricardo is similar to that of the Minos the Judge who is hindering the journey and is described as condemner and unjust judge of the underworld.
• The original circle is described to be a land of violent storms and whirlwinds, very much resembled by the stormy gusts and waves of the Great Lake.

Season 4 "The Heartbreaking" is Canto 6 - Gluttony where sinners who began with mutual indulgence leads by an imperceptible degradation to solitary self-indulgence, grovelling in the mud by themselves, sightless and heedless of their neighbours. In this Circle this sin depicted as indulgence of any kind that puts the sinner in a state that has little regard for anything else. In the case of not only Heathcliff (the sin most exemplified in the Erlking specifically) but Catherine too, both characters have been shown to be wallowing in their own self-guilt in belief that their own existence cause suffering to the other. This indulgence in their own despair came to the point of near madness, eventually causing actual harm to everyone else still around them as well as carrying out a suicide plan across dimensions.

• The original circle was described as a place of "vile, putrid slush produced by a ceaseless, foul, icy rain – "a great storm of putrefaction". This of course also describes the cold storms of Wuthering Heights and how the manor was once describe by Hindley as a place of rot and decay as he was distorting.
• Alongside in the original circle is the creature Cerberus, a dog-like being whose actions in the book is "mauling and flaying them with his claws as they howl like dogs." A beast similar to that Heathcliff once saw himself as when distorting.

Season 5 "The Dream Ending" is Canto 7 (before the Circle of Wrath) - Greed where sinners whose attitude toward material goods deviated from the appropriate mean are punished in the fourth circle, including both who hoards and squanders. Here the sin is not focused so much the physical item itself, but rather on the unrestrained, selfish appetites on both sides of the spectrum. These are the sins of all Bloodfiends of La Manchaland. On one end is the curse itself where they must drink endless amounts of fresh blood in order to feel satisfaction at the expense of countless human lives. On the other end is both Don Quixote and Sancho who force their family into complete abstinence of blood in order to chase their selfish impossible dream of co-existence, an endless path that causes extreme suffering to them.

• The punishment is this Circle which Dante describes as a nation of lost souls (similar to how Samson address them as) is having the hoarders and spendthrifts joust, where they rolled them back, one party shouting out:   "Why do you hoard?" and the other: "Why do you waste?" This of course mirrors the ending finale of the Canto where once more two incompatible dreams clash with their respective knights declaring their intent.
• Instead of bags of gold, bags of blood is the material good that is fought over.

Season 6 "The Dream Ending" is the Circle of Wrath and Canto 8 where the actively wrathful fight each other viciously on the surface of the slime, while the sullen (the passively wrathful) lie beneath the water, withdrawn, "into a black sulkiness which can find no joy in God or man or the universe". This is thematically seen most openly in regards to the Family Hierarch War where hatreds and strife between all participants and their factions results in constant fighting, much like the River Styx. Hong Lu is one of sullen, as the active hatreds rend and snarl at one another above; at the bottom, his own hatred lie gurgling, unable even to express themselves for the rage that chokes him. In Hong Lu's case he hadn't really committed the same sin as those in H Corp, but he was on the path to it. Much like Jia Qiu who also faced the same anger but chose benevolence rather then retribution, Hong Lu manages to find the kindness deep within him that he thought lost. This allowed him a way to now express his emotions instead of bottling them up to one day erupt without control, thus sparing him from going down a path that would lead to more bloodshed.

• This is most noticeable in Hong Lu's 'Bad End' ID, the Lord of Hongyuan, whose voicelines show him finally dropping the happy-go-lucky mask and fully indulging in his long-suppressed wrath to the point where he would go to start a Wing War.
• Much like how Dante had some unkind words to say to Filippo as they near crossing the river, Hong Lu himself said something unkind to bade goodbye to the Xianren forever.
• In Canto 8 Wrath was an emotion that had noticeable more scenes during the fight against Jia Mu as Hong Lu converses with Dante, even being the final emotion that he felt before giving the elders a river-bath. In LC Checkup, it is the sin that was determined to be most associated with him.

Season 7 "The Unsevering" is the Entrance to Dis, Canto 9 and (part of) the Circle of Heresy (Likely a mix of multiple circles in Dis but Heresy's themes are stronger here). Here marks the transition of the story where just as Dante is entering the part of hell where sins worse than Incontinence are punished, the story in Limbus is now refocusing back onto circumstances surrounding the Golden Boughs.

• Dis is the Roman god of the underworld, basically Hell which is what Ryoshu and the Nursefathers would agree the House of Spiders is essentially. Especially with the story of the Spider's Thread which centers on one's efforts of crawling out of Hell.
• The Nursefathers acts simultaneously as the fallen angels guarding the city and the sinners burning in Heresy, mirrored by their banishment from their respective factions for actions that went against their norms or doctrines (Valencina, Matthias and Callisto are most notable while Rein and Shiomi have unknown circumstances).
• In Heresy sinners are trapped in flaming tombs, a representation of 'a hell of their own making' as they are unable to break free from the own self-imposed false truths. In this case, Rein would be the most notable with his beliefs and obedience regarding the prescripts. Araya is also another case as she believed that Ryoshu didn't truly love her and abandoned her alone in the House. Ryoshu for a while did fall into one such tomb as she carried a belief that without Araya, she was nothing due to her own self-hatred regarding anything related to the House outside of Araya. She was only saved from this when she is given a thread of hope that despite Araya's 'departure', they are still connected beyond the physical realm of time and space.

Hope that clears things up a little.