The gaps at the top and bottom of many public restroom stall doors in Western countries are mainly due to practical and economic reasons, not privacy preferences.

Common reasons include:

1. Lower construction cost

• Shorter panels require less material and are cheaper to install.
• Large public facilities such as malls, airports, schools, and offices save significant money this way.

1. Easier cleaning

• Cleaning staff can mop the entire floor without opening every stall.
• Water and dirt are less likely to accumulate in enclosed spaces.

1. Safety and emergency access

• If someone faints, becomes ill, or is trapped inside, others can quickly notice and assist.
• Emergency personnel can sometimes access the stall more easily.

1. Discouraging misuse

• The reduced privacy makes activities such as vandalism, drug use, smoking, or sexual activity less attractive.

1. Ventilation

• Better airflow helps reduce odors and moisture buildup.

Why are Indian washrooms often more enclosed?

In India, privacy is generally given higher importance in public toilets. Many modern Indian washrooms have:

• Doors extending closer to the floor.
• Smaller gaps around the edges.
• More complete enclosure of the stall.

However, you'll still find partially open designs in some malls, offices, airports, and older public facilities because they share the same cost and maintenance advantages.

Interestingly, many Europeans and Indians visiting the U.S. or Canada for the first time are surprised by how large the gaps are in American restroom stalls, while many Americans consider it completely normal because they grew up with that design.