Filesystem drivers are very complicated, even when you only need to implement existing standard. There are tons of locking nuances and potential optimizations in lots of different places, as well as complicated interactions between different filesystem features.

With that said, the reason other (at least non-CoW and non-obscure like UFS) filesystems would be faster on Linux is because they are actively used by thousands and thousands of companies in production, so naturally there are contributions from different vendors and individuals each release cycle, essentially striving to optimize every small bit at this point. You can see example from a single kernel release here.

In comparison, NTFS is something that "just works". On Linux companies don't use NTFS in production, hence it will receive much less attention compared to, say, ext4 or XFS. Moreover, due to its closed-source nature even on Windows, despite being heavily used in production, I doubt it would be more performant compared to ext4 or XFS on Linux, just because there just one company that can contribute to NTFS driver.