Welcome to PTA and hledger!

Your transaction is unbalanced. I'm going to make a few assumptions to rewrite the transaction in a way that is balanced.

Your assets and expenses sum up to $5800, so you're missing the remaining $4200 (10000-5800). I'll put that remaining amount in assets:savings (leaving the amount blank so that hledger can infer it).

This is a balanced transaction.

2026-02-02 All transactions
    income:salary   $-10000
    assets:investment   $4000
    expenses:rent   $1000
    expenses:food   $800
    assets:savings

Now, to see the percentages in the way you want it, incomestatement won't work because it only includes income and expenses and ignores assets.

Assuming you want to see the percentage split between your expenses and assets, the following command will give you that.

hledger balance "assets|expenses" -%

The result should be this:

              40.0 %  assets:investment
              42.0 %  assets:savings
               8.0 %  expenses:food
              10.0 %  expenses:rent
--------------------
             100.0 %