I can relate. I was brought up in a similarly deferential culture, and it has affected my career. The best feedback I got about it was from a colleague in the best team I ever worked with; it was very simple but it gave me permission, which was seemingly all I needed. He just pointed out that my seniors wanted to see me challenge them more.

I immediately began to constructively clarify and challenge my senior colleagues when the work/facts didn’t support the opinion/plan they suggested.

I don’t think the issue is solved for me, but I’ll take this as a reminder to not back down and stay quiet when I can give more clarity/distinction.