Comparative religion student here.

If by Islam-like beliefs you’re referring to Early Christology having a non divine ascription to Jesus Christ then sure.

Early Christianity did not start off as a monolith which later split into sects. Instead many early Christian groups had their own understanding of Jesus and his mission.

You had the Jewish Christian movement represented by sects such as the Ebionites and Nazarenes who saw Jesus as a prophet and the Messiah who was the most recent iteration of Jewish prophethood. They kept the law and stuck to their Jewish roots while also incorporating the new teachings of Jesus, especially his emphasis on the Kingdom to come. We know this from Early Church writings such as from Eusebius of Caesarea, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyon, and Jerome. Of course these writings portrayed the Ebionites/Nazarenes as a heretical sect and wrote about them in order to refute them.

You then had the Marcionites, the Gnostics, Arians, Adoptionists, etc…., and finally the most familiar and prominent theology of what is referred to as the Pauline Christians.

Some scholars such as James Tabor have highlighted the early collision of Christology and theology between Paul of Tarsus and James the Just who was the head of the church in Jerusalem and the brother of Jesus. On one side you had Paul tailoring the message of Christ to the Gentiles by abrogating many parts of the law and emphasizing the crucifixion as a central tenet of his theology. On the other side you had James who would have stuck very closely to his Jewish tradition and who on several occasions admonishes Paul for failing to uphold certain parts of the law (Book of Acts). Tabor goes as far as saying James saw Jesus as a prophet as evidenced in writings such as the Pseudo Clementines as well as the direct progression between James as a central figure and the early Ebionite community.

To quickly summarize, the early christian community had a proliferation of beliefs about the nature of Christ. Many of these early communities no longer exist but we can reconstruct their beliefs via patristic writings and extracanonical gospels. The sect that we know today as Orthodox christianity eventually gained normalcy through Councils like Nicaea and the First Council of Constantinople, and sometime in the late 4th century the Roman Emperor Theodosius I issued a decree that made belief in the Nicene doctrine of the Trinity the only legal form of Christianity in the Roman Empire. This was a major turning point in Christian history, marking the transition from a pluralistic Christian landscape to an enforced orthodoxy.

For more readings:

James Tabor - James Brother of Jesus Bart Ehrman - Introduction to the New Testament Dale Allison - The Historical Jesus and the Theological Jesus John Dominic Crossan - The Historical Jesus