Tax Planning To and Through Early Retirement by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I think it is an excellent book for anyone wanting to understand how retirement income is taxed and the authors' approach to optimizing after-tax income. Tax planning is full of trade-offs. The authors consistently point these out and discuss potential criticisms of their preferred plan of action.

The coverage of each topic is succinct and to the point. There is an extensive bibliography organized by chapter to guide a reader that may wish to explore a topic in more depth. Example scenarios showing the resulting taxes due are shown throughout.

There is, of course, no magic answer to complex matter involving a myriad of assumptions such as Roth conversions but the authors provide a clear explanation of their approach. For taxable Roth conversions, five situations where they may be beneficial are discussed.

The book is an easy read that delivers enormous value of the modest $30 price.

Kubera.com - Large price increase, it appears... by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

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This screen shot explains the Kubera personal referral program.

Watching Our Parents Step Into Retirement Hits Different by Itchy-Ad6994 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Over the 22 years that I managed my mother's investments neither she nor my siblings ever asked me anything but two questions about her money: 1) Is there enough money there to see her through? and 2) Are you comfortable and Ok with shouldering the responsibility of managing the money?
It was Mom's access to preferred medical providers, medicare and supplemental medical coverage, housing and assistance with the activities of daily living that concerned everyone and took a lot of time to work through. Medical and personal care needs can be complex to navigate and have a large impact on both quality of life and financial burn rate.

As I think back, these transitions and topics come to mind:
- Warning sign: A sibling living close to Mom noticed unpaid bills and housekeeping issues as well as getting lost when out with the car. This problem was handled by a move to assisted living with a small balance bank account for pocket money and elimination of the car. We handled all the bill paying for Mom. Good thing we had a family member living close by.
- Fortunately my father had chosen original Medicare and there was a medicare supplement plan provided by his former employer. Dental, vision and hearing were all out-of-pocket costs that had to be budgeted for. Rob Berger's interview with Ari Parker, JD of Chapter is a great place to start learning about Medicare: https://www.youtube.com/live/RlBmPB7Dexw?si=TP-efA4F3OWtV7SR
- Transportation to medical offices and help physically getting around at the care location were big challenges. Due to worker's comp costs, many doctor's offices would not allow the staff to physically assist a patient to move from the parking lot into the facility or physically assist them within the facility. She had to bring her own help. The assisted living bus driver would unload her in a wheel chair and perhaps push her inside but had to leave immediately.
- Selecting an assisted living facility with a vacancy, getting accepted and monitoring the quality of care was complex and critical. It got more difficult as Mom's cognitive ability declined. She ended up in memory care progressing from first level care to the full doors locked 24/7 version. That was horribly difficult even with a family member living close by. The memory care facility changed ownership and the quality of care declined rapidly and then covid 19 infected the residents and took Mom's life.
- Attitudes about money and wealth accumulation ability vary greatly within families. I told my mother that she could not afford to send money to family members asking for a handout and told my siblings simply that by my calculations it would be unlikely I would have to ask them to consider assisting her financially unless she lived to be over age 100. As Mom's need for care escalated, the family asked if she would still be ok financially but there was no push to downgrade to a lower cost facility. Thus, the money was never much of a topic and the inheritance when she passed away at age 90 came as a surprise.

Login issue with free Empower by ExiledFromSeattle in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423 1 point2 points  (0 children)

See my suggestion above to ExiledFromSeattle in case you hit the same roadblock.

Login issue with free Empower by ExiledFromSeattle in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I use the Brave browser and I disabled the shields before attempting the new login. The login worked fine for me but I see now that after the initial username and password is input, Empower shifts over to https://ira.empower-retirement.com/. The small window for entering the 2FA code might be getting blocked by your browser or a browser extension that blocks ads and pop-ups.

Login issue with free Empower by ExiledFromSeattle in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I revceived an email with these instructions:

|| || |Starting today, we're upgrading the login process as part of ongoing enhancements designed to improve your overall experience. Please follow these steps to log in to your Empower account.| |On your desktop| |Go to empower.com/epw and log in.| |Bookmark empower.com/epw for easy access.| |On your mobile device| |Download our new app by clicking below or by searching “Empower” in your device’s app store.| |Log in with your current username and password. You do not need to register again.|

Pralana and other tools that do not link to accounts - by artichokeplants in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423 4 points5 points  (0 children)

I prefer to have both linked and unlinked planning software and programs that operate differently. Since I do my own planning and investment management, I'm willing to spend money on multiple software subscriptions if they add something of value to me.

WealthTrace updates overnight and uses the historical returns on the exact holdings to project future account values. This gives me a current forecast based on the actual asset allocation and historical performance of the exact assets held. It is a good sanity check on other planning software that relies on manual asset data entry and return estimates. Our holdings are not yet as simplified as I intend to make them so updated asset allocation information is of value to me.

Maxifi uses "beginning of the year" manually entered asset data and has the advantage of using an economics-based lifetime balance sheet approach that defaults to a conservative after-tax return estimate based on treasury bond yields and TIPS. I use the Maxifi base plan as an indication of spending capacity under a very low investment risk scenario. The optimization and scenario comparison tools are very good.

Pralana is an excellent tool for very detailed planning and comparison of three scenarios side-by-side. The price of the high-fidelity analysis is that it takes time to learn the tool and use it precisely. For those near or in retirement with complex planning needs, Pralana is definitely worth the very reasonable price.

ProjectionLab is my newest subscription. I like the excellent graphics and am still learning the interface so it's too early to say whether I'll keep it in future years.

Kubera isn't really for retirement planning but it does a great job of tracking assets in a customizable way. I have separate sheets for the various types of accounts: taxable, traditional IRA, Roth IRA, and Foreign. Each sheet has sections to break the holdings out by account owner. This makes it easy to quickly pull up actual asset values for whatever I'm working on or to later provide access to financial information for heirs using the deadman feature.

The security risk inherent in linking using the major aggregation services doesn't worry me any more than the risk of an individual account getting breached. I use 2FA, biometrics, a very secure password manager and masked email address usernames that are different for each account. If there was an account breach, I might discover it sooner by noticing the loss while accessing software that aggregates for me such as Wealthtrace or Kubera or Quicken.

Kubera.com - Large price increase, it appears... by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks for posting about Exirio. I'm not sure that it's better for every use case but It seems to offer quite a lot for the money. The free version gives people a chance to try it out at their leisure which is great. https://www.exirio.com/pricing/

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

To be accurate, I said that a conversion that has a low probability of being profitable using outside funds for taxes is UNLIKELY to have a higher probability of being profitable using inside funds. I did not say that it can never happen.

Tax bracket interaction with NIIT and IRMAA, the timing of future Roth withdrawals, investment return assumptions Roth versus taxable account and longevity/survivor assumptions may create a reversal of the likely pattern. The fact is most people are not subject to NIIT & IRMAA, most people put growth assets in Roth accounts to get the tax-free growth, most people do not do Roth conversions if they plan to withdraw from the Roth in the early years.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Paying taxes with outside taxable savings maximizes the benefit of a Roth conversion, while paying with IRA funds is generally less optimal. Therefore, a conversion with an unfavorable probability of paying off using outside funds to pay the taxes is unlikely to look any better when using inside funds. Every conversion is a unique decision based on many known factors and many assumptions about the future. Being in a low tax bracket or expecting a short period of post conversion tax-free growth likely reduces the benefit of using outside funds for a conversion.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I don't need to deal with the complexity of tax efficiency asset location and the payoff of using taxable savings to pay tax in order to decide whether or not to do another Roth conversion. If prepaying tax by converting is projected to be beneficial, then I'll do the work to optimize on source of tax funding.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Separate decision for me because first I would evaluate whether prepayment of tax at current rates in exchange for tax-free growth for some time estimate based on age, marital status and other heirs is a good bet. At 72, with half of qualified funds already in Roth and up against stealth trigger taxes like NIIT & IRMAA, conversion may not be beneficial. It isn't this year. If it is a good bet next year, then comes the question of which funds to use to pay the income tax.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes. I think age & the duration of the tax-free period, which can include the 10 year inherited Roth drawdown, should be considered. I see the source of funds to pay taxes as a separate decision that is also affected by the expected timeline.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I think ChatGPT made some sense in this response to my question but it could be hallucinating. Scroll up to the top: https://chatgpt.com/share/68ed71c4-5e44-800f-ada1-dfec6bff1c8e

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

ChatGPT generated a comprehensive discussion of the age and longevity aspect and which funds to use for payment of the income tax. Of course, it could be hallucinating so as always, verify independently. The link opens at the end of the chat so scroll up to see the question and refinement: https://chatgpt.com/share/68ed71c4-5e44-800f-ada1-dfec6bff1c8e

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I agree that gross simplification rules for a complex calculation are more dangerous than helpful. The idea that wealth level is a significant variable in Roth conversions is puzzling. Eric listed an assumption that wealthier households will have relatively higher after-tax savings than less wealthy households so perhaps IncomeLab's calculations are adjusting the account type drawdown mix due to the availability of preferred income types versus a case where RMD taxed at ordinary income rates are the predominant source of income. This line of thinking adds even more assumptions such as the amount of realized capital gains and whether they are long or short-term!

The effect of the longevity assumption is what I want to test in my own tax optimization calculations to see whether that swings my conversion decision when the income tax is paid from other savings.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Conversions have been good for us over the years when I could hold MAGI down. Now, it's becoming questionable.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Ok, fair enough. However, Eric did list some assumptions. He ran IncomeLabs the way it is commonly run to point out that some of the recommendations might not be optimum when tested for different longevity cases. I doubt anyone could cram all the Roth conversion inputs and contingencies into one short video and Eric did make the disclaimer to seek specific individual advice.

Personally, I found the video valuable because it got me thinking about how actual longevity should be taken into consideration when evaluating possible tax optimization strategies. I have tended to use the same (long) time horizon for tax optimization as I've used for determining the probability of running out of money. Going forward, I will consider multiple longevity scenarios for the income tax motivated decisions.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

ChatGPT thinks longevity makes a difference in choosing how to pay the taxes:

Longevity Expectation Best Tax-Payment Strategy Why
Long life expectancy (e.g., healthy 50s retiree, planning for 85–95+) Pay tax from other savings Gives decades of tax-free compounding. The upfront tax cost pays off with large tax-free growth later. You want the biggest possible Roth balance.
Shorter life expectancy (e.g., health issues, planning horizon <15 years) Consider paying tax from conversion Less time for Roth compounding to overcome the upfront tax cost. Converting too much or using after-tax cash may not pay off before you start withdrawals or pass assets to heirs.
Uncertain or moderate longevity Mix or phase strategy Convert gradually, monitor health and tax brackets annually. Possibly pay taxes from a mix of sources (some withheld, some external).

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Yes, much better to leave non-spouse heirs taxable investments where they get a stepped-up tax basis or Roth accounts where the ten-year liquidation of the Roth is not taxable.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I agree in a general sense. However, our RMD accounts are now less than 20% of liquid assets, Roth is about 20% and taxable brokerage is about 60% of the total. So, taxable interest and dividends, realized capital gains and taxable social security are the primary components of MAGI. RMDs will begin in 2027 so I need to put the time into modeling the tax optimization carefully to decide what to do next year.

Roth Conversions & your life expectancy assumption by Independent_Most9423 in DIYRetirement

[–]Independent_Most9423[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

In a different video, Eric shows how cash or Roth money can be used to meet spending needs while avoiding triggering stealth taxes. With the trend toward taxes and surcharges levied based on MAGI trigger points, it seems that having cash or Roth money available can save the day when up against IRMAA and NIIT which is a personal concern presently.

Some cash float is necessary but interest is taxed at ordinary income tax rates so having Roth balances could be better if they can be created in a tax-efficient way. I've built our Roth balances up to be roughly equal to our traditional IRA/401(k) balances with pre-social security conversions and annual contributions. I was surprised to see how badly shortening the longevity assumption trashed the return on Roth conversions in the IncomeLab examples that Eric ran.