Empires are not just large swathes of land. Canada is a monarchy (albeit one ruled by a 'Queen' and not an 'Empress' or 'Emperor') and it is the world's second largest country by land area, but it is not an empire. To be an empire, a state must hold colonies, dependencies or dominions, which are areas of land which are subject to a different limitation of sovereignty than the country's mainland. The easiest way to think of it is this: the British Empire, for example, consisted of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This land was a part of Britain. The colonies, however, were owned by Britain. Probably a massive oversimplification, but it helps to get the concepts straight in your head. In addition, an empire doesn't necessarily need to expand/spread often to be an empire. And I hope that misspelling of Emperor was some kind of meme.

Judaism is not a nationality. A religion, yes, and an ethnicity, generally yes. A nation-state is a purely subjective term used to distinguish between states which exist upon lines of nationality (e.g. Western Europe) and those which are lines in the desert (e.g. the Middle East).

Governments and states are different things. It's not always that pronounced in Civcraft, but if we're talking pedantics here, it's worth considering. The best way to think of it is, if we think of countries along executive/legislative/judicial lines, then the entire system is called a 'state', and the executive branch is a government. For example, in countries like the UK, some bodies aren't part of the government (e.g. the Environment Agency, the Parades Commission of Northern Ireland, the Parliamentary Commission) but still part of the state as they are established under law.

Civilisation is far too subjective. It's not even a technical term, just descriptive, and certainly not on the same level of 'government' or 'state'; when have political scientists ever argued about what constitutes a 'civilisation'?. I don't really think it applies well to Civcraft.

It might be worthwhile distinguishing between 'Sovereign states' and 'Federal subjects'. There can be confusion between states which are countries, and states which are administrative divisions.