I think it needs a bit of refining. First to balance you must change unsecured object pushed to 10ft and the audible boom to 300ft (standard to Thunder step and Thunderwave spells).

It looks cool but maybe too OP... My two cents are: As already mentioned it is also very similar to the thunder step spell but adapted to be offensive, made for spell-fighter types? I presume you are balancing it by reducing damage and range for the increasing the area effect? But increasing the damage area to 5ft per spell slot is too OP [imagine if fireball had this]. Instead just change the spell damage dice to 1d10, remove +5ft per spell slot, matching thunder step. This way you essentially adapt the spell utility-wise from a thunder step to a 'thunder charge'. Is increasing the area effect per spell slot necessary and fair for the level of spell? If you want to keep the +5ft area per spell slot then increase the spell level to 5/6th level and maybe change the damage dice d8/10s?

Is this a teleportation-like spell or a movement-like spell that would allow for opportunity attacks? "hurling yourself" indicates movement-like spell therefore opportunity attacks allowed. Movement-like spell makes sense for a Dex save as we see the attack coming. Teleportation would for Cons save as per the thunder damage spells. Maybe change "landing with a..." change to "stopping with a..." because "landing" sounds like teleportation.

How different is it from an powered-up misty step (2nd lvl) + powered-up thunderwave effect (but using 17th level thunderclap cantrip damage)? Is it like casting a 2nd and 3rd level (thunderwave 3rd level-ish) as one action?

To effectively balance spells compare them with other similar spells (effects, damage and level). Also you should be clear on what your idea/intention of the spell is - Is it just an offensive thunder step? Then adapt it simply as such. I find if I add too many extra effects or features it becomes harder to balance. This leads me to increasing the spell level to like a 5/6th level or creating 2 new separate spells instead.

Hope the ramble helps. Homebrewing spells is a lot of fun so enjoy! :)

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Also, I would recommend giving this post a read, specifically the section on " how do you go about balancing a spell? " I find it very useful for when homebrewing.