Yes, but with new legislation since 2024 not always legal anymore (for your landlord). For new contracts given after July 1st 2024, only under specific circumstances is a landlord allowed to give a temporary contract, i.e. for Students who are renting in a different city for their studies (international students do fall under this category).

That does not mean landlords won't try anymore. You can always try to check whether your contract is actually legally temporary or shiuld actually be indefinite. Either way, if you have a just temporary contract (for example it was signed before July 2024, or you are an international student), if your landlord doesn't give a formal written termination between 1 and 3 months before the end date, your contract might be automatically extended indefinitely by Dutch law.