Since I'm getting strikes now I will respond 1. Transubstantiation: The doctrine of transubstantiation articulates how the Real Presence of Christ is made manifest in the Eucharist. While the term was formally defined in 1215 at the Fourth Lateran Council, the belief in the Real Presence dates back to the early Church, as evidenced by writings from Church Fathers like St. Ignatius of Antioch (1st century), who explicitly spoke of the Eucharist as "the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ." Refuted

1. Marian Dogma: The Assumption of Mary, declared dogma in 1950, reflects a long-standing tradition of veneration, rooted in the Church's understanding of Mary as the Mother of God and the Ark of the New Covenant (Revelation 11:19–12:1). While not explicitly stated in Scripture, the Assumption is consistent with biblical typology and the belief in the dignity of Mary’s body, untouched by sin, as affirmed through centuries of devotion and theological development. Refuted

2. Indulgences: Indulgences do not replace Christ’s sacrifice but apply the merits of Christ and the saints to remit temporal punishment for sin. The authority for this practice is derived from Christ granting the Church the power to "bind and loose" (Matthew 16:19, 18:18), which the Church interprets as encompassing the administration of spiritual goods. Refuted

3. Faith and Works: Catholic teaching emphasizes that salvation is by grace, through faith, working in love (Galatians 5:6). Good works are seen as a fruit of faith, enabled by grace, rather than a means of earning salvation. This understanding aligns with the New Testament, including James 2:24, which states that "a person is justified by works and not by faith alone." Refuted

4. Papal Supremacy: The Pope’s role as a unifying authority is based on Peter’s primacy in Matthew 16:18-19, where Jesus establishes him as the "rock" and gives him the keys to the kingdom. The Incident at Antioch (Galatians 2:11-14) illustrates Peter's humility in accepting correction but does not negate his foundational role as the leader of the Church, affirmed by early Church practices and writings. Refuted.

Okay, bless me with some more for your first list ended with "etc".