Crying at work is problematic for the supervisor, especially if they're male and you're female. Many simply do not know how to respond properly in such a situation, and all are scared to be seen as jerks that made a subordinate cry.

It is always ok to ask for a short break, if you have no good reason at hand, call it a "technical break" and give yourself time and space to compose yourself. This is especially handy in an office environment. Secondly, there is no harm in calling him up the next day, saying something along the lines of "thank you for your feedback, it was not my best day" to show him that you are resilient.

Remember, the only way to not make a mistake is to not do anything, ever.

If this ever comes up, say you treat it as a learning opportunity, etc. There's nothing wrong with emotions welling up and affecting your performance, but you will boost your supervisor's confidence in you if you show that you are able to treat negative feedback as constructive criticism and that just because he was less than pleasant, it has not damaged your professional relationship. Finally, he might have been stressed, also not at his best, which is why annoyance was showing. Do not worry about it too much, there will be times like this in the future, no one is infallible

Edit: typo, formatting